【作者】 宝音图；

【导师】 李乌云格日乐；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 计算机技术， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)是日常物理对象或事物的网络,物联网设备之间的数据获取和传输是物联网通信和网络技术的基本前提。在物联网中由于网络本身以及数据的特点,针对物联网的路由协议研究尤为重要。传统的路由协议进行路径选择时一般只考虑路由度量,鲜有考虑过数据包属性(例如:大小、编码等)。针对上述问题,本论文提出了一种路由度量和数据包属性相结合的物联网路由选择策略,并设计与实现了该路由协议。迄今为止,网络中路由选择方法仅从链路角度考虑了路由度量,并且只会选择网络中的最佳链路传输数据。因此,这种路由选择方法可能导致网络状态的短期不稳定,从而影响网络性能,此外,已有算法中对于网络中较弱的链路(例如:误码率较高的链路)的利用率非常低。其实,此类弱链路可用于承载较小的数据包或QoS要求不高的数据包。随着物联网中网络流量不断增加和异构性等问题的出现,网络带宽利用率的最大化以及网络负载的平衡是非常需要的。为此,本论文中制定了路由度量(误码率)和数据包属性(大小)之间的关系,以确定链路中对应不同属性的数据包所匹配的数据包错误率(Packet Error Rate,PER),再根据此结果选择适当的链路发送数据包。上述方法选择的链路不一定是网络中的最佳链路,但是能够满足数据包传输的QoS要求。为了证明路由选择策略的有效性,本论文在Ad hoc按需距离矢量路由协议(AODV)上验证该算法,并称之为AODV-PER。通过仿真发现AODV-PER减少了延迟和丢包率,提高了弱链路的利用率,避免了严重拥塞的节点的出现,并延长了网络寿命。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Internet of Things(IoT)refers to the network of everyday physical objects or things and the acquisition and transmission of data between these IoT devices,and they are the fundamental premise of the many IoT communications and networking technologies.Considering the characteristics of the network and data in the IoT,the research on routing protocols is particularly important.Traditional routing protocols only consider routing metrics,but do not consider packet attributes(such as packet size,encoding,etc.)in route selection.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a routing selection for the Internet of things,which combines routing metrics and packet attributes,and designs and implements the routing protocol.To date,the routing method in the network only considers routing metrics from the link point of view,and always selects the best link to transmit all data.This method may cause short-term instability of the network state,which may cause serious consequences,and the weaker links in the network(such as links with higher bit error rate)are not fully utilized.In fact,this type of link can be used to carry smaller data or data with less stringent QoS.With the continuous increase and heterogeneity of network traffic brought by the IoT,it is necessary to maximize the use of available network bandwidth and balance the network load.To this end,we formulate the relationship between routing metrics(bit error rate)and data packet attributes(size)to determine the packet error rate(PER)of packets with different sizes in the link.Then,we use this result to select an appropriate link to forward the packet,which is not necessarily the link with the best metric.In order to prove the effectiveness of the selection strategy,we validated the algorithm by implementing it on the Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol(AODV)and call it AODV-PER.Through simulations,we show that AODV-PER reduces the delay and packet loss rate,improves the utilization rate of weak links,avoids the occurrence of heavily congested nodes,and extends the network life.更多还原