【作者】 陈静；

【导师】 王宏；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着任务贸易的发展,全球价值链成为经济全球化的典型体现。虽然,2020年由于疫情影响,国家间贸易往来受到冲击,全球化进程放缓。但是随着疫情消退,国际生产能力恢复,全球化依旧是主流趋势。世界各国根据比较优势在价值链不同环节参与生产,发达国家在高端环节主导全球价值链,而中国主要承接劳动密集型环节,呈现低端嵌入姿态。在参与全球价值链的过程中,中国的经济得到了巨大的发展,GDP总量不断上升,进出口贸易总额逐年增加。在经济增长的同时,要素收入分配格局也是值得关注的重要问题。尤其是劳动收入份额,它体现了劳动者在收入分配中所享有的比例,反应了一个国家的经济发展是否惠及到群众。中国依据比较优势承接全球价值链上劳动密集型环节,根据SS定理,本国丰裕要素的收入将上涨,也就是劳动收入份额应该增加。然而事实并非如此,中国的劳动收入份额自1995年开始呈现下降趋势。根据wiod数据库测算,发达国家的劳动收入份额平均数大致在55%-60%之间,发展中国家的平均数大致为45%-55%,而中国的劳动收入份额常年不足45%。过低的劳动收入份额将降低居民消费水平,进一步制约内需,不利于经济发展。同时,也会扩大资本要素和劳动要素的收入差距,不利于社会福利最大化与社会公平。在此背景下,考察全球价值链对中国的劳动收入份额有何影响具有现实意义。为此,本文基于wiod数据库,借鉴KWW(2010)的方法测算了中国十八个制造业的全球价值链地位指数和参与率,并利用2000年至2014年的中国制造业面板数据实证分析全球价值链对劳动收入份额的影响。经过研究本文得出三个主要结论:第一,全球价值链参与率的提升不利于提高劳动收入份额,影响渠道来自价格效应、劳动边际产出、竞争加剧三个方面。第二,全球价值链地位指数的提升有利于促进劳动收入份额上涨,影响渠道来自要素需求效应和价值创造效应。第三,全球价值链地位指数对参与率和劳动收入份额之间的关系具体有调节作用,即全球价值链地位指数的上升有利于缓解过度参与价值链带来的劳动收入份额下降的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of trade in tasks,global value chain become the typical embodiment of economic globalization.Although,in 2020,due to the impact of the epidemic,trade between countries will be impacted,and the process of globalization will slow down.However,as the epidemic subsides and international production capacity recovers,globalization is still the mainstream trend.Countries in the world participate in production in different parts of the value chain according to their comparative advantages.Developed countries dominate the global value chain in the high-end link,while China mainly embeds labor-intensive links at the low-end.There is no doubt that China has made great improvements in economy during the participating process of global value chain.the GDP is rising,and the total import and export trade is increasing year by year.As economic growing,the distribution pattern of factor income is also an important issue which worths of attention.In particular,the share of labor income,which stands for the proportion of workers’ income in income distribution that reflects whether the economic development of a country benefits the masses.According to the SS theorem,the wages of the abundant factors in China will rise,that is,the share of labor income should be increased.However,this is not the case.China’s share of labor income has shown a downward trend since 1995.According to the calculation of the wiod database,the average labor income share of developed countries is about 55%-60%,and that of developing countries is about 45%-55%.However,China’s labor income share is less than 45% all the year round.Too low share of labor income will reduce the consumption level of residents,further restrict domestic demand,and is not conducive to economic development.At the same time,it will expand the income gap between capital and labor factors,which is not conducive to the maximization of social welfare and social equity.In this context,it is of practical significance to investigate the impact of global value chain on China’s labor income share.Therefore,based on the wiod database,this paper calculates the global value chain status index and participation rate of China’s 18 manufacturing industries based on the method of KWW(2010),and empirically analyzes the impact of global value chain on labor income share by using the panel data of China’s manufacturing industry from2000 to 2014.After research,this paper draws three main conclusions: first,the promotion of the participation rate of global value chain is not conducive to increasing the share of labor income,and the influence channel comes from three aspects: price effect,marginal output of labor and intensified competition.Second,the improvement of global value chain status index is conducive to the increase of labor income share,and the influence channel comes from factor demand effect and value creation effect.Thirdly,the GVC status index can regulate the relationship between the participation rate and the labor income share,that is,the rise of the GVC status index is conducive to alleviate the problem of labor income share decline caused by excessive participation in the value chain.更多还原