【作者】 张敏；

【导师】 宋喜坤；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 张天翼的儿童文学无论是从宏观的创作研究,还是微观层面的语言、艺术技巧等方面的研究来看,都已取得了瞩目成就。但对于作品中关于儿童成长话题的研究仍存在一定缺失。儿童既是时代的衍生物,又是独立而具有现实意义的个体,值得探索和研究。严格意义上来说,张天翼作品中的儿童是处于青春期的少年形象,提及少年必然会涉及成长,因而张天翼的儿童文学从成长叙事的角度研究具有合理性和可行性。在文本细读的基础之上,通过文本分析以及文论结合的方法来解读张天翼儿童文学中的成长叙事。细读张天翼的儿童文学作品可知,作品中人物在成长过程中,或者经历挫折不能分辨自我,忽视社会法则与规范而造成成长夭折;或者幸运地遇到助其成长的引路人,为其解答疑惑、互帮互助或给予警醒等;或者经历对其成长产生震撼作用的“精神危机”或“切肤之痛”的事件而顿悟成长。以上都是张天翼儿童文学作品中有关成长的表现。少年成长中不仅沉浸在成人和少年交融的两种声音、身处幻想与现实相生的社会还有充满讽刺的社会大环境,而雅俗兼备的叙事语言将儿童的尴尬处境幽默化表达,具备成长的乐趣。由于少年年龄的相似性与受挫的必然性,张天翼儿童文学的成长叙事呈现成功与失败两种模式。叙事技法、叙事语言以及叙事模式呈现了张天翼儿童文学的成长叙事策略。张天翼儿童文学中对于成长的叙事在文学上和现实生活中都有不可忽视的价值意义。它不仅颠覆“爱”与“美”的自然教育童话,还对新时期郑渊洁等作家的作品产生影响;不仅关注两个时代的少年成长,还对流浪儿和妇女解放问题保持了关注和暴露。张天翼是上世纪三十年代少数关注到少年成长的作家,虽然成长不是作品中突出呈现的主题,但却对少年成长起到了指引作用,随后也带动了五十年代少年的成长。张天翼儿童文学的成长叙事具有连接“五四”和新时期作家的作用,给予少年成长以关照,充分揭示社会存在现实问题。但他的成长叙事在当代也具有接受困境,大多当代少年与作品之间存在接受隔阂,不能感悟其中意蕴与追求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zhang Tianyi ’ s children ’ s literature has made remarkable achievements not only from the macroscopic creation research,but also from the microscopic level of language and artistic skills.However,there is still a lack of research on the topic of children ’ s growth in the works.Children are not only derivatives of the times,but also independent and practical individuals,which is worthy of exploration and research.Strictly speaking,children in Zhang Tianyi ’ s works are teenagers in adolescence,and referring to teenagers will inevitably involve growth.Therefore,it is reasonable and feasible to study Zhang Tianyi ’ s children ’ s literature from the perspective of growth narrative.On the basis of close reading of the text,this paper interprets Zhang Tianyi ’ s growth narration in children’ s literature through text analysis and literary theory.A close reading of Zhang Tianyi ’ s children ’ s literature works shows that the characters in the works can not distinguish themselves from themselves in the process of growth or experience setbacks,ignoring social rules and norms and resulting in growth and death;Or luckily meet the guide who helps them grow up,answer doubts,help each other or give warning;Or experiencing "spiritual crisis " or "pain of skin incision " that shocked their growth.This is Zhang Tianyi children ’ s literature works about growth performance.There are not only two voices of adults and adolescents,but also the surrounding environment full of irony in the society where fantasy and reality live.The narrative language of both refined and popular will humorously express the embarrassing situation of children.Due to the similarity of juvenile age and the necessity of frustration,the growth narrative of Zhang Tianyi ’ s children ’ s literature presents two modes : success and failure.Narrative techniques,narrative language and narrative mode constitute the growth narrative presentation of Zhang Tianyi ’ s children literature.The narration of growth in Zhang Tianyi ’ s children ’ s literature has important value in literature and reality.It not only subverts the natural education fairy tales of " love " and " beauty ",but also affects the works of Zheng Yuanjie and other writers in the new era.Not only pay attention to the growth of teenagers required by the two eras,but also pay attention to and expose the problems of street children and women ’ s liberation.Zhang Tianyi is a minority of writers who paid attention to the growth of young people in the 1930 s.Although growth is not a prominent theme in the works,it has played a guiding role in the growth of young people,and led to the growth of young people in the 1950 s.The growth narration of Zhang Tianyi ’s children ’s literature has the function of connecting the May 4th Movement and the writers in the new period,giving attention to the growth of teenagers and fully revealing the practical problems existing in society.However,his growth narration also has a dilemma of acceptance in the contemporary era.Most of the contemporary teenagers and works have an acceptance gap,which cannot understand the implication and pursuit.更多还原