【作者】 朱颖；

【导师】 胡建锋；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 汉语国际教育， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 语义相近的词语是留学生学习汉语过程中的一大难点。留学生在使用语气副词“恐怕”时常与情绪心理动词“害怕”“担心”发生混淆。鉴于此,本文拟从句法、语义和语用三个层面对它们进行本体研究,试图找出三者之间的共性与差异,利用各类语料针对留学生易犯的偏误类型进行初步探讨分析,然后结合调查问卷,验证并补充关于这三个词语实际使用时存在的偏误。最后针对对外汉语教学提出相关教学建议,帮助学生更好更快地习得这三个词语。本文共分为以下六个部分:第一章绪论阐述了本文的选题缘由和意义,对“恐怕”“害怕”“担心”和对外汉语教学界近义词教学的研究综述进行整理。最后对本文的研究方法和研究思路进行了说明。第二章主要从句法、语义和语用三方面进行本体研究,最后通过表格呈现对比分析的结果。第三章是留学生偏误分析。通过考察上海师范大学留学生课堂作业、美国密苏里大学汉语选修课学生课堂作业、HSK动态作文语料库和暨南大学中介语语料库,从句法、语义和语用三个层面进行偏误类型和原因的分析。第四章对所有被测试者的背景信息、调查问卷的设计和调查结果进行详细说明,尝试进一步探讨学习者的汉语水平与偏误类型间是否存在关系,并重点对异常数据进行分析。第五章是针对“恐怕”、“害怕”和“担心”的教学建议,包括区分教学层次,明确教学目标;根据教学目标选择教学方法;重视含相同义素词语的教学;克服回避心理,重视限定性操练和运用多种手段激发学习动机。第六章为结语。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese abstract Words with similar semantic connections are a major difficulty for international students in the process of learning Chinese.The author finds in daily teaching that foreign students often confuse the emotional and psychological verbs"kongpa(恐怕)"and"haipa(害怕)"when they use the modality adverb"danxin(担心)".In view of this,the author conducts ontological research on these three words in terms of syntax,semantics and pragmatics,trying to find the commonalities and differences between the three,and makes full use of the corpus and the corpus collected by myself to avoid the errors that foreign students tend to make.Then combined with the questionnaire,verify and supplement the biases in the actual use of these three words.Finally,on this basis,some teaching suggestions for teaching Chinese as a foreign language are put forward to help students better acquire these three words.This article is divided into the following six parts:The introduction part of the first chapter expounds the reason and significance of the selected topic of this article,and collects and sorts out the research summary of"danxin(担心)","kongpa(恐怕)","haipa(害怕)"and the teaching of synonyms in the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.Finally,the research methods and thoughts of this article are explained.In the second chapter,the author conducts ontological research on"danxin(担心)","kongpa(恐怕)"and"haipa(害怕)"from three aspects:syntax,semantics and pragmatics,and presents the results of comparative analysis in the form of tables.Chapter 3 is based on the HSK dynamic composition corpus,the corpus of the College of Chinese Language and Culture of Jinan University,and the corpus collected by myself.It examines the errors of the three words from the perspectives of syntax,semantics and pragmatics,and makes an analysis of the reasons for the errors.The fourth chapter is the analysis of the foreign students’ acquisition based on the questionnaire.The author explains in detail the background information of all the subjects,the design of the questionnaire and the results of the survey,trying to further explore whether there is a relationship between the learner’s Chinese proficiency and the types of errors,and separately analyzes the abnormal data in the questionnaire results.The fifth chapter is the teaching suggestions for"kongpa(恐怕)""haipa(害怕)and"danxin"(担心)",including distinguishing teaching levels and clarifying teaching goals;choosing teaching methods according to teaching goals;emphasizing the teaching of words with the same meaning;overcoming avoidance and paying attention Restricted drills and the use of a variety of methods to stimulate learning motivation.Chapter 6 is the conclusion.更多还原