【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 马冀飞；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 体育硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年随着我国跳远项目成绩不断提高,跳远项目逐渐被大众所关注。阅读跳远相关文献发现分析的大都是国际国内优秀跳远运动员的技术动作,对高等学校基层二级跳远运动员的研究很少,但是高校男子二级跳远运动员是我国跳远项目发展不可忽略的重要部分,提高高校跳远二级运动员的成绩和对技术动作进行深入研究是很有必要的。本文以男子二级跳远运动员助跑倒三步和起跳下肢动作为研究对象。皆在深入分析男子二级运动员的助跑倒三步和起跳阶段下肢技术动作。为丰富二级跳远运动员的技术理论贡献自己的力量。此次实验以高校15名男子二级跳远运动员为测试对象,通过文献资料法、实验测试法、图像解析法、数理统计法和和逻辑分析法等研究方法,从助跑倒三步到起跳腾起瞬间的下肢运动学、起跳阶段摆动腿的相关性和起跳腿肌电学三个方面进行分析。得出以下结论:(1)男子二级跳远运动员助跑阶段整体助跑的绝对速度相对较小,在倒5—3米、倒3—0米的速度差值过于平稳,上板积极性不够;测试运动员大部分倒两步技术划分不清晰。(2)男子二级跳远运动员起跳阶段起跳腿的髋关节、膝关节和踝关节角度变动幅度大尤其是膝关节角度,身体重心浮动过大;起跳扇面角过大着地角偏小,起跳时相分配不合理缓冲时间过长蹬伸指数平均值偏低;起跳腾起瞬间水平速度损失大但没有较好的转化成垂直速度导致腾起角度偏低。(3)男子二级跳远运动员起跳阶段摆动腿倒一步蹬离瞬间膝关节角度偏大,在起跳过程中摆动腿摆动角速度偏小,起跳阶段受测运动员部分出现不同程度蹬摆不协调情况,导致摆动腿角加速度“制动”向上惯性力不足。(4)男子二级跳远运动员起跳阶段摆动腿在着板瞬间摆动腿摆动角速度、最大缓冲瞬间摆动腿摆动角速度、蹬伸阶段摆动腿摆动角加速度与成绩均具有显著性相关关系,重要性明显。(5)男子二级跳远运动员起跳阶段起跳腿主要用力肌肉是股外侧肌、股内侧肌、腓肠肌、臀大肌;起跳腿肌肉活动持续时间最长的是股外侧肌和股内侧肌。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the continuous improvement of my country’s long jump performance,the long jump has gradually attracted the attention of the public.Reading the related literature on long jump found that most of the analysis is the technical movements of excellent long jumpers at home and abroad.There are few researches on the grassroots second-level long jumpers in colleges and universities,but the male second-level long jumpers in colleges and universities are an important part that cannot be ignored in the development of long jump events in my country.It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the performance of the college long jump second-level athletes and the technical movements.This article focuses on the lower limb movements of the male second-level long jumper with three steps and take-off as the research object.Both are in-depth analysis of men’s second-level athletes’ three-step approach and take-off technique of lower limbs.Contribute to enriching the technical theory of second-level long jumpers.This experiment in colleges and universities 15 secondary long jump athletes as test object,through the literature material method,experiment method,image analytic method,mathematical statistics and logic analysis and other research methods,from the run-up down three steps to takeoff leaps moments of lower limb kinematics,take-off phase correlation and takeoff leg swinging leg muscle electrical three aspects are analyzed.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)In the run-up stage of men’s second level long jump athletes,the absolute speed of the run-up is relatively small,the speed difference between 5-3 meters and 3-0 meters is too stable,and the enthusiasm of the board is not enough;Most of the test athletes did not clearly divide the reverse two step technique.(2)In the take-off stage,the Angle of hip joint,knee joint and ankle joint of male second-level long jumper varies greatly,especially the Angle of knee joint,and the center of gravity fluctuates too much;The fan Angle of takeoff is too large and the ground Angle is too small,and the phase distribution is unreasonable during takeoff.The buffer time is too long and the average value of the pedaling index is low.At the moment of takeoff,the horizontal velocity loses a lot but it is not converted into vertical velocity well,which leads to the low Angle of takeoff.(3)In the take-off stage,male second-level long jump athletes’ knee joint Angle was larger at the moment when the swing leg kicked off in an inverted step,and the swing angular velocity of the swing leg was smaller during the take-off process.In the take-off stage,some tested athletes had different degree of uncoordinated push,which resulted in insufficient upward inertia force of the angular acceleration of the swing leg.(4)The swinging angular velocity of the swinging leg at the moment of striking the board,the angular velocity of the swinging leg at the moment of maximum buffer and the angular acceleration of the swinging leg at the stage of pedaling have significant correlation with the performance of the men’s second-level long jumper in the take-off stage,and the significance is obvious.(5)In the take-off stage,the main muscles of the take-off leg are vastus lateralis,vastus medialis,gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus.The vastus lateralis and vastus medialis have the longest duration of muscle activity in the take-off leg.更多还原