【作者】 周杨；

【导师】 程军；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 环境工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 电解锌作为我国主要的锌冶炼工艺,其产生的电锌废渣中锌含量最高可达26%,具有较大的经济价值。而且,电锌废渣属于危险废物,对生态环境与人体健康均具有潜在威胁。电锌废渣回转窑资源化技术在我国应用较为广泛,然而,由于缺乏技术交流、生产效能差异较大、没有统一技术评价标准等问题,该技术发展相对停滞。为解决电锌废渣回转窑资源水平、清洁生产能力与污染控制等综合评价问题,构建科学、系统、完整且适用于国内企业现状的电锌废渣资源化技术评价体系势在必行。通过调研典型电锌废渣资源化企业,对比不同回转窑设备、不同运行参数、原料及不同污染处理方式,总结分析电锌废渣资源化技术的主要工艺流程及主要污染物,识别并确定其物质流输入与输出确定系统评价边界,以主成分分析构建评价层次,结合典型企业生产运行数据,结合层次分析法与模糊综合评价法法,构建电锌废渣资源化评价指标体系,共分为原料、产品、污染三类一级指标,共11项二级指标。并采用该体系对国内典型企业生产运行对比评价,表明该指标体系可适用于同类企业,具有可行性与实用性。得到主要结论如下:(1)对比分析典型电锌废渣资源化全过程,确定系统评价边界,基于生产运行参数,采用主成分分析法识别一级指标:原料类指标、产品类指标以及污染类指标,并结合生产实际确定关键生产运行参数“电锌废渣含锌率、电锌废渣含水率、进窑物料综合焦比、锌金属提取产率、脱硫副产品产率、粗氧化锌粉含锌率、水淬渣产率二氧化硫污染指数、颗粒物污染指数、铅及其化合物污染指数、氮氧化合物污染指数”11项二级指标。(2)对比现有评价指标体系构建模型,结合现有生产运行数据,采用AHP-FCE构建电锌废渣回转窑资源化技术评价指标体系,充分利用主成分分析中综合评分替代AHP专家打分过程,客观刻画指标权重:原料类指标26.78%,产品类指标20.33%,污染类指标52.88%。(3)基于电锌废渣回转窑资源化技术评价指标体系,对典型企业中甲乙生产线进行对比评价,评价结果显示生产线乙(Ⅱ类,84.97)运行效果优于生产线甲(Ⅲ类,79.93),并结合生产运行实际进行验证,二者主要差异来自于污染控制,与模型指标权重(污染类指标52.88%)相符,说明该指标体系具有一定的实用性与可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electrolytic zinc,as the main zinc smelting process in China,has a zinc content of up to20% in the Electric zinc waste residue,which has great economic value.In addition,the electric zinc waste residue is a hazardous waste,which has potential threats to the ecological environment and human health.The recycling technology of electric zinc waste slag rotary kiln is widely used in China.However,due to the lack of technical exchange,large differences in production efficiency,and the lack of unified technical evaluation standards,the development of this technology has been relatively stagnant.In order to solve the Comprehensive evaluation questions of the resource level,clean production capacity and pollution control of the electric zinc waste slag rotary kiln,it is imperative to build a scientific,systematic,and complete evaluation index system of the electric zinc waste slag resource technology.By investigating typical electric zinc waste residue resource enterprises,comparing different rotary kiln equipment,different operating parameters,raw materials and different pollution treatment methods,Summarize and analyze the main process flow and main pollutants of the electric zinc waste residue recycling technology,identify and determine the material flow input and output to determine the system evaluation boundary,build an evaluation hierarchy based on principal component analysis,combine typical enterprise production and operation data,and combine Analytic hierarchy process and Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to build an evaluation index system for the recycling of electric zinc waste residue,including three first-level indicators of raw materials,products and pollution,and a total of 11 second-level indicators.At last,used this system to compare and evaluate the production and operation of typical domestic enterprises,indicating that the index system is feasible and practical,can be applied to similar enterprises.(1)Contrasted and analyzed the whole process of typical electric zinc waste residue resources,determine the system evaluation boundary,then based on production operation parameters,used principal component analysis to identify the first-level indicators: raw material indicators,product indicators,pollution indicators,and combined with actual production to determine 11 secondary indicators,for example,the zinc content of electro-zinc waste slag,the moisture content of zinc waste slag,the comprehensive coke ratio of the material entering the kiln,the zinc metal extraction yield,the desulfurization by-product yield,the crude zinc oxide powder zinc content,the water quenching slag yield sulfur dioxide pollution index,particulate pollution Index,pollution index of lead and its compounds,pollution index of nitrogen oxides.(2)Compared the existing evaluation index system to build a model,combined with the existing production and operation data,used AHP-FCE to construct the evaluation index system of the recycling technology of electric zinc waste slag rotary kiln,made full use of the comprehensive scoring in the principal component analysis to replace the AHP expert scoring process,objectively describe the index weight: raw material index 26.78%,product index 20.33%,pollution index 52.88%.(3)Based on the evaluation index system of the recycling technology of electric zinc waste slag rotary kiln,the comparative evaluation of the production lines of A and B in typical enterprises,the evaluation results show that the production line B(Class II,84.97)is better than the production line A(Class III,79.93).Combined with actual production and operation verification,their main difference are comes from pollution control,it is consistent with the model index weight(pollution index 52.88%),indicating that the index system has certain practicability and feasibility.更多还原