【作者】 程强；

【导师】 王俊勇；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 车辆工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 载荷控制阀在地铁车辆制动系统中具有非常关键的作用,地铁列车在运行期间,车辆载重会因旅客上下车数量的变化而变化,为了保障旅客乘坐舒适度,车辆设计时应确保车辆制动调速过程中,每辆车的制动率基本一致。实际上,车辆制造时,每辆车的制动力设计值是相同的,尤其是紧急制动。这就会造成载荷轻的车辆发生车轮擦伤故障或载荷重的车辆发生紧急制动力不足现象。为了使每辆车的紧急制动率保持一致,载荷控制阀则可根据空气弹簧压力的变化,实时调整地铁列车每节车辆的紧急制动力大小。载荷控制阀通过限制进入中继阀的预控压力,使地铁列车在空车和重车时紧急制动率保持一致,从而保证列车的运行安全。由此可见,载荷控制阀性能的可靠与否,不仅影响地铁车辆制动系统作用的可靠性,还直接影响轨道交通运输的安全性。为此,新造或运用检修维护后的载荷控制阀,均需要进行相关的试验验证及性能检测。为了准确、可靠地测试载荷控制阀的作用功能,则需要一套试验检测装置。因此,研究用于载荷控制阀的检验测试系统,对于地铁车辆制动系统、列车行车安全,具有重要意义。本课题研究对象是载荷控制阀的检测装置,测试对象是各城市地铁车辆制动系统的载荷控制阀。首先,简单论述地铁车辆制动系统气路原理,分析载荷控制阀在系统中的控制方法;并介绍载荷控制阀的结构特点及其工作机理。根据载荷控制阀的工作机理及性能结构,重点论述了检测装置的总体设计方案、技术需求与设计参数。制订载荷控制阀的测试项目,包括气密性测试、升压稳定性测试和性能校对测试。其次,根据载荷控制阀的测试项目,研究、开发、设计检测装置的电气系统和气路系统。电气系统包括微机控制、传感测试、软件编程开发等;气路系统包括两个腔室的气密性检测气路和载荷控制阀的功能检测气路。气路系统采用EP控制方案对气路压力进行精确控制。根据检测装置的的性能要求,分析电气、气动关键部件的精度、灵敏度、应用特性,为检测装置设计提供依据。根据所选的气动元件规格型号与接口尺寸,设计出检测装置的操作面板及机械台架总体框架方案。最后,对检测装置的软件系统进行开发。基于Visual Basic 6.0软件的可视化操作界面,编写载荷控制阀的测试程序。检测装置可满足载荷控制阀的各项测试、原因分析、记录存储、动态显示测试结果,打印测试报告等需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The load control valve plays a very important role in the braking system of the subway vehicle.During the operation of the subway train,the number of passengers getting on and off will influence the vehicle load.For the comfort,the braking rate of each vehicle is basically the same during speed regulation.In fact,when the vehicle is manufactured,the design value of the braking force of each vehicle is the same,especially for emergency braking.This will cause wheel scratches on vehicles with light loads or insufficient emergency braking force on vehicles with heavy loads.In order to keep the emergency braking rate of each vehicle consistent,the load control valve can adjust the emergency braking force of each vehicle in real time according to the change of the air spring pressure.The load control valve keeps the emergency braking rate of the subway train in empty and heavy vehicles consistent by limiting the pre-control pressure entering the relay valve,thus ensuring the safe operation of the train.This shows that the reliability of the load control valve performance affects not only the reliability of the function of the subway vehicle braking system,but also the safety of rail transportation.For this reason,the load control valves that are newly built or used after maintenance and repair need to undergo relevant test verification and performance testing.In order to accurately and reliably test the function of the load control valve,a set of test devices is required.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the inspection and test system for load control valves for the braking system of subway vehicles and the safety of trains.The research object of this subject is the test device of the load control valve,and the test object is the load control valve of the brake system of the metro vehicle in each city.First,gas circuit principle of the subway vehicle braking system was briefly discussed.Control method of the load control valve in the system is analyzed.Structural characteristics and working mechanism of the load control valve are introduced.According to the working mechanism and performance structure of the load control valve,the overall design scheme,technical requirements and design parameters of the detection device are mainly discussed.Formulate test items for load control valves,including air tightness test,boost stability test and performance proof test,are designed.Secondly,according to the load control valve test project,research,exploitation and design of load control valve electrical system and gas circuit system are studied.The electrical system includes microcomputer control,sensor testing,software programming and development,etc.;the gas circuit system includes the gas-tightness detection gas circuit of two chambers and the function detection gas circuit of the load control valve.The pneumatic system adopts EP control scheme to accurately control the pneumatic pressure.According to the requirements of the test device,the accuracy,sensitivity and application characteristics of key electrical and pneumatic components are analyzed to provide a basis for the design of the test device.the hardware system of the load control valve test device is designed and studied.The hardware system includes the electrical system and the sensing test system.EP control scheme is used to control the air pressure accurately.After the selection of the hardware system,the operation panel and overall frame scheme of the mechanical test stand are designed according to the specifications and interface sizes of the selected components.Finally,the software system of the test device is developed.Based on the visual operation interface of Visual Basic 6.0 software,the test program of the load control valve is written.The test device can meet the requirements of various tests,reason analysis,record storage,dynamic display of test results,and printing test reports of load control valves.更多还原