【作者】 李航；

【导师】 郭学永；

【作者基本信息】 北京理工大学 ， 兵器科学与技术， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 不敏感混合炸药是指在意外刺激作用下发生爆炸或从燃烧转爆轰的敏感度低且具有较高能量的炸药,不但能有效提高武器平台的安全性,而且可提高弹药攻击突防能力,是新时期战斗部装药的需求,也是混合炸药技术研究的重要发展方向。不敏感压装混合炸药因其能量高、制备工艺简单、可大批量生产,是研究的重点。本文针对不敏感压装混合炸药对钝感粘结剂体系的需求,系统开展粘结剂包覆降感研究、复合粘结剂体系设计、复合粘结剂体系制备以及粘结剂在不敏感压装炸药中的应用性研究,获得了JOL类不敏感压装炸药,并测试其基本性能和不敏感性能,主要工作如下:(1)研究了粘结剂AR-14、Estane5703、F2603、BR、EPDM、IIR的性能,通过对比HMX/粘结剂的界面热力学性质优选粘结剂,并采用水悬浮工艺方法,使用优选的粘结剂制备了炸药造型粉颗粒,系统研究了优选高聚物的硬度、热导率、摩擦系数对造型粉感度、成型性的影响规律。(2)开展了粘结剂复配设计,形成完整的粘结剂体系,采用直接法生产工艺制备了炸药造型粉颗粒并进行药柱压制。研究了高聚物复配比例、胶蜡比等对混合炸药安全性的影响,获得了具有良好粘结、钝感、成型性能的复合钝感粘结剂体系。(3)依据设计的钝感粘结剂体系,开展了不敏感压装混合炸药研究,重点研究了钝感剂含量对于炸药成型性、爆速、爆热的影响规律;为进一步改善混合炸药的不敏感特性,通过对主体炸药重结晶、包覆降感等技术途径提高本质安全性;并优化了适用于该粘结剂体系的压装混合炸药制备工艺。(4)不敏感压装混合炸药性能表征。依据GJB772A-97炸药试验方法,对采用钝感粘结剂体系的JOL类炸药进行了性能测试。测试结果表明:该炸药机械感度低,均小于10%;具有良好的成型性,压药密度可以到达理论密度的98.7%;具有较高的能量水平,实测爆速为8115m/s,爆热为7587.7k J/kg;具备一定的不敏感特性,可通过快速烤燃、慢速烤燃及子弹撞击三项不敏感试验测试。更多还原

【Abstract】 Insensitive composite explosives are explosives with low sensitivity and high energy that explode or change into detonation from combustion with expected external stimuli.Such explosives are needed by warhead charging in new era and are important direction for composite explosive research as they can not only improve safety of weapon platform but also improve the defense penetration of ammunitions.Due to the high energy performance,simple preparation procedures,and mass production,insensitive compound explosives are research priorities.In this article,based on the demand of insensitive pressed composite explosives for insensitive binder system,studies were conducted over desensitization through binder coating,design of composite binder system,preparation and characterization of composite binder system,and application of binders in insensitive pressed explosives.JOL insensitive pressed explosives were obtained in the study,and the physical,chemical and insensitive performances were researched.The major studies were as follows:Studies were conducted over performances of binder AR-14,Estane5703,F2603,BR,EPDM,and IIR;binders were then selected as per the interface thermodynamic properties of HMX/binder;and granules of molding powder were then prepared through aqueous suspension method with this binder.Studies were conducted over the influence of hardness,heat conductivity,friction coefficient on HMX sensitivity and moldability of molding powder.Studies were conducted over the design of binder composite system so as to create complete binder system.Granules of molding powder were prepared through the direct approach and grains were prepared.Studies were also conducted over the ratio of high polymers in the composite system as well as the influence of binder/wax ratio over safety of composite explosives.Insensitive composite binder system was then obtained with good cohesiveness,insensitivity as well as moldability.Research was conducted over the insensitive pressed composite explosives with the insensitive binder system designed in this study.Priorities were put on influence of desensitizer content on moldability,detonation velocity and detonation heat.To improve the insensitivity of explosives,recrystallization and coating approach were adopted so as to lower the sensitivity.Also,preparation procedures for pressed composite explosives compatible with such binder system was also optimized.Performance characterization of insensitive pressed composite explosives.As per the testing approach of GJB772A-97 explosives,performance tests were conducted over the JOL explosives which adopt such binder system.The test results indicated that: mechanical sensitivity of the explosive was lower than 10%;the explosive had good moldability,with density at 98.7% of theoretical value;the explosive had high energy,with actual detonation velocity at 8115m/s and detonation heat at 7587.7k J/kg;the explosive had insensitive properties and could pass the three insensitivity tests: fast cook-off,slow cook-off and projectile impact.更多还原