【作者】 郭祥；

【导师】 黄有东；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 中国哲学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 戴震著作中引述了较多《孟子》和《荀子》书中的内容作考证之用。戴震在对《孟子》一书的版本流传和音义问题详细的考察的基础上,对孟子的引述对孟子既有质疑,也为孟子好辩之说作了辩解,其哲学思想吸收和承继了孟子的部分观点。戴震在坚持性本善的基础上,吸收了孟子以心言理的观点,承继了孟子而论理义为性,由孟子的寡欲说而有“体民之情、遂民之欲”的观点。并且从孟子的论性理路出发推出仁义礼智出自血气心知,并继承了孟子“重思而达不蔽”的观点。在人性论上,戴震比较了孔子和孟子,认为二者是有一致性的,同时回应了朱子对孟子的质疑。戴震在《诗经》的考证以及《方言疏证》、《续方言》的研究中,十分重视《荀子》一书的作用,对荀子的“正名”思想有直接的认同和吸收。其考据著作中,仅有一次涉及到受争议的《性恶篇》,而在《孟子字义疏证》当中,对《性恶篇》的引用十分常见。戴震对荀子的性恶论并没有直接的批评,对荀子提出性恶多报以理解之同情的态度,甚至结合荀子时代思想界之乱象分析了荀子提出性恶的意图。戴震认为荀子是未闻道的儒者,不知礼义之本,不知性之全体。戴震通过比较荀子和宋儒,可知他对荀子的评价明显高于宋儒。戴震认为,荀子的“涂之人可以成禹”与孟子的性善说若相发明,但孟、荀解性不同;孟、荀重学相同,但重学之原因不同;孟、荀人性论都有不美,其所以美不同。戴震的哲学对孟、荀人性论都有所超越,他并没有明显地偏向孟子或者是荀子,在性善论的大旗下,戴震通过训诂与诠释予以性善新的解释路径并对荀子崇理义,重学等思想也有吸收。在此基础上,戴震构建了自己的哲学系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 The works of Dai Zhen quoted in ?Mencius? and ?Hsiin Tzu? the contents of the book.These quote is mainly for research purposes.Dai Zhen "Mencius" a book version of the spread and the sound and meaning of questions have detailed inspection.Dai Zhen has questioned and defended the Mencius.Some views of Dai Zhen’s philosophy inherited the Mencius.Dai adhering to nature is good,based on the absorption of Mencius Heart made a reasonable point of view,Mencius inherited and justice for sexual reasoning by Mencius said while body China desires of love,then China’s desire point of view.Dai Zhen from Mencius’ theory of departure Way to push the blood from the heart to Wisdom and knowledge,and inherited Rethinking and Mencius does not cover up the view.Dai also compared Confucius and Mencius’ s theory of human nature,that the two are consistent.Meanwhile,Dai responded Mencius questioned by Zhuxi.Dai dialect in research and research,attaches great importance to "Zi" a book to the role of Xun Tze "Name" thinking there is a direct recognition and absorption.Its textual works,only one involves disputed Evil articles.In the "Mencius Hermeneutics," which references to articles on the evil nature,and is very common.Dai Zhen Zi’s evil nature and there is no direct criticism raised against Xun Tze overstatement to understand the evil nature of sympathy,or even combine Xunzi era intellectual chaos analysis of Xun Tze proposed Evil intentions.Dai Zhen thought that Xun Tze is a confucian scholar,but Xun Tze did not know some doctrine of Confucius and Mencius,propriety of the unknown,incomplete knowledge of human nature.By comparing the song Confucian and Xun Tze,we know that Xun Tze’s evaluation was higher.Dai Zhen thought : The possibility of a saint and is same as the Mencius’ s theory of good nature but Mencius and Xun Tze is different on humanity definition Mencius and Xun Tze all pay attention to the learning,but for different reasons,Human nature of Mencius and Xun Tze have shortcomings but for different reasons.Dai Zhen’s philosophy is to go beyond the human nature of Mencius and Xun Tze.Dai did not significantly bias Mencius or Xun Tze in the goodness of the big banner,Dai be goodness new interpretation path,where the idea of Xun Tze has absorbed.On this basis,Dai built his own philosophy.更多还原