【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 杨雪清； 赵慧媛；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta是重要的果树害虫,对梨、桃等水果产业造成严重经济威胁。农业、物理、生物、化学防治手段广泛用于梨小食心虫防治,但这些防治措施在防治效果和环境友好方面存在不同程度的缺陷。昆虫不育技术（sterile insect technique,简称SIT）可以有效克服上述防治手段的不足。为评估SIT技术在梨小食心虫防治中应用的潜力,本研究首先分析传统的放射性⁶⁰Co-γ射线对梨小食心虫繁殖的影响,在此基础上分析比⁶⁰Co-γ射线更为安全的替代源（X射线）对梨小食心虫繁殖能力、寿命、飞行能力和交配竞争力的影响,为进一步在田间利用基于辐照的SIT技术防治梨小食心虫提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:与对照组相比,不同辐照剂量（0、25、50、75 Gy）的⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照羽化前1 d的雄蛹,各处理组间的成虫羽化率无显著性差异,表明辐照对羽化率无明显影响。与对照组相比,经25 Gy、50 Gy和75 Gy辐照处理组羽化的雄蛾与正常雌蛾交配后,其单雌产卵量和交配率均无显著性差异。随着辐照剂量的升高,辐照组的孵化率逐渐下降。与对照组相比,随着辐照剂量的升高,辐照组雄虫的平均寿命均有不同程度的下降。67 Gy与133 Gy的X射线对不同日龄（2 d、5 d、8 d）梨小食心虫雄蛹羽化率的影响结果表明,8日龄是最适宜辐照的蛹龄,其羽化率与对照相比无显著差异。经67 Gy与133 Gy辐照的雄蛹,其羽化后的雄蛾与正常雌蛾交配后的单雌产卵量与卵孵化率均明显低于对照组。67 Gy与133 Gy辐照处理组雄蛾的寿命明显短于对照组。随着辐照剂量升高,交配率逐渐降低,经133 Gy辐照后的雄蛾交配率与对照组差异显著。辐照对雄蛾与雌蛾交配次数无显著影响,但辐照组雌蛾交配后其平均日产卵量与对照相比明显减少,且辐照剂量越高,日产卵量变化幅度小,产卵期也明显缩短。对照组与67Gy和133 Gy辐照组的雌虫第3-10日逐日产卵量差异显著,67 Gy与133 Gy辐照组各雌虫逐日产卵量差异均不显著。辐照对羽化后雄蛾的飞行能力无明显影响,但其雄蛾的交配竞争力降低。X射线与⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照均降低了梨小食心虫繁殖相关参数,表明两种射线均有在梨小食心虫防治中应用的潜力,且X射线可以在理论上替代⁶⁰Co-γ射线用于梨小食心虫防控,这一研究结果为进一步优化辐照条件和利用SIT技术防治梨小食心虫提供理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta is an important fruit tree pest,which poses a serious economic threat to the fruit industry such as pears and peaches.Agricultural,physical,biological,and chemical control methods are widely used in the prevention and treatment of G.molesta,but these prevention and control measures have varying degrees of defects in terms of control effect and environmental friendliness.The sterile insect technique（SIT）can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the above prevention methods.In order to evaluate the application potential of SIT technology in the control of G.molesta,this study first carried out an indoor experiment and analyzed the influence of traditional radioactive ⁶⁰Co-γrays on the reproduction of G.molesta.On this basis,the analysis was more than ⁶⁰Co-γrays.In order to provide a safe alternative source（X-ray）on the reproductive ability,lifespan,flight ability and mating competitiveness of G.molesta,and provide a theoretical basis for the further use of SIT technology based on irradiation in the field to control G.molesta.The main results are as follows:Compared with the control group,⁶⁰Co-γrays of different irradiation doses（0,25,50,75Gy）irradiated male pupae 1 day before emergence,and there was no significant difference in adult emergence rate among the treatment groups,indicating that irradiation has no significant effect on the emergence rate.Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in the number of eggs produced per female and the mating rate of male moths that had been irradiated at 25 Gy,50 Gy,and 75 Gy after mating with normal female moths.As the irradiation dose increased,the hatching rate of the irradiated group gradually decreased.Compared with the control group,with the increase of the irradiation dose,the average life span of the males in the irradiation group decreased to varying degrees.The effect of 67 Gy and 133 Gy X-rays on the emergence rate of male pupae of G.molesta at different ages（2 d,5 d,8 d）shows that 8 days of age is the most suitable pupal age for irradiation,and there was no significant difference in pupa emergence rate compared with the control group.After 67 Gy and 133 Gy irradiated male pupae,the number of single female eggs and the hatching rate of eggs after the emergence of male moths and normal female moths were significantly lower than those of the control group.The life span of male moths in the 67 Gy and 133 Gy irradiation treatment groups was significantly shorter than that of the control group.As the irradiation dose increased,the mating rate gradually decreased.The mating rate of male moths irradiated by 133 Gy was significantly different from that of the control group.Irradiation has no significant effect on the mating frequency of male moths and female moths,but the average daily egg production of female moths in the irradiated group after mating is significantly reduced compared with the control.The higher the radiation dose,the smaller the change in daily egg production.The spawning period is also significantly shortened.There was a significant difference in the number of eggs laid by females between the control group and the 67 Gy and 133 Gy irradiated groups on the 3rd to 10th days.There was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid by the females in the 67 Gy and 133Gy irradiation groups.Irradiation has no obvious effect on the flight ability of male moths after emergence,but the mating competitiveness of its male moths is reduced.Both X-ray and ⁶⁰Co-γ-ray irradiation reduced the reproduction-related parameters of G.molesta,indicating that both types of rays have the potential to be used in the control of G.molesta,and X-rays can theoretically replace ⁶⁰Co-γrays for prevention and control of G.molesta,this research result provides theoretical guidance for further optimization of irradiation conditions and the use of SIT technology to control G.molesta.更多还原