“V_双于”结构的语义韵研究

【作者】 赵慧；

【导师】 孙道功；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 语义韵是语料库语言学的重要概念,然而其研究重点大都集中于某类词或某个词的语义韵类型描写,忽视对语义韵生成机制的解释。本文以现代汉语常用结构“V_双于”为研究对象,以语义学和语用学相关理论为指导,在对“V_双于”结构进行语义韵描写研究的基础上,从语义组合框架、语用制约因素两方面探讨其语义韵生成机制。首先,根据使用频率在CCL语料库中筛选12个“V_双于”结构,以《词汇义类标记集》为参考,对其进行语义分类和标注,并在标记集的基础上,建立适合“V_双于”结构的词汇语义分类体系。其中,“V_双于”结构包括参与类、位移类、遭致类、始源类、归因类以及评判类六小类。其次,在语义分类的基础上,对不同义类体系下的“V_双于”结构进行语义韵类型研究,构拟9种语义韵常模。具体言之,对不同语义类别下“V_双于”结构的搭配词、类联接及语义趋向等方面进行分析,概括节点词的语义韵。继而在语义韵常规“三分法”的基础上,引入“评估态度”这一维度,构建包含两个维度的新语义韵常模,具体的表现形式如下:[极性:积极/消极/中性|情感态度/立场态度:具体评价态度]。经分析,参与类、位移类、遭致类结构所表现的语义韵具体评价态度是“情感态度”,而始源类、归因类、评判类结构所表现的语义韵具体评价态度是“立场态度”。再次,结合类联接,抽象概括“V_双于”结构的语义框架,并从语义组合的角度探讨语义韵的生成机制。研究发现,以节点词语义为主导的组合框架对语义韵的生成具有重要影响,具体表现为受节点词潜在语义组合框架的制约,不同的组合框架会使得搭配词的义征得到不同程度的隐藏或凸显,从而体现出不同的语义韵。最后,从语义韵的语用属性及语用因素对语义韵生成的影响两个方面进行语用研究。语义韵的语用属性具体表现为语义韵具有语用评价功能,在使用过程中遵循合作原则和礼貌原则。影响语义韵生成的语用因素则包括语境和语言主观性,前者会从逆转和强化两个方面影响说话者对节点词语义韵的理解,从而影响节点词语义韵的具体表现。后者则会促进“V_双于”结构的词汇化,激活语义韵所隐含的说话者主观评价态度。本文仅仅以“V_双于”结构为研究对象,从语义和语用视角对语义韵的生成机制进行初步分析。由于研究对象的受限性以及时间精力的限制,有些问题没有具体展开,相关结论仍需优化完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Semantic prosody,as an important concept of corpus linguistics,has attracted much attention from the academic community since its introduction.Most of research focuses on the description of semantic prosody of certain words,but ignore the explanation of the mechanism of its generation.This paper takes the commonly used structure V_双于in modern Chinses as the research object,and uses related semantic and pragmatic theories to guide the semantic classification of V_双于based on corpus.On this basis,the paper describes the semantic prosody description of V_双于and discusses the semantic prosody generation mechanism from the aspects of semantic composition framework and pragmatic constraints.Firstly,based on the frequency of use,twelve V_双于structures were screened in CCL Corpus,and their semantic classification and labeling were performed with reference to the Lexical Meaning Tag Set.The V_双于structure is divided into six categories:participation,mobile,origin,attribution,judgment,and cause,On the basis of the Lexical Meaning Marker Set,combining with the research object,a lexical semantic classification system suitable for V_双于was established.Secondly,on the basis of semantic classification,the study of semantic prosody of V_双于under different semantic prosody is carried out,and nine semantic prosody norms are constructed.Specifically,it analyzes the collocation words,class connections,and semantic trends of the V_双于in different semantic categories,and summarizes the semantic prosody of node words.Then based on the conventional trichotomy of semantic prosody,the dimension of evaluation attitude was introduced to construct a new semantic prosody norm.The semantic prosody norm has two dimensions,which are semantic prosody polarity and assessment attitude.The assessment attitude also includes emotional attitude and stance attitude.The specific expressions are as follows:[Semantic prosody:positive/negative/neutral|emotional attitude/stance attitude:specific attitude meaning].After analysis,the specific attitudes of semantic prosody expressed by the V_双于structure of participation,displacement,and cause are emotional attitudes,and the specific attitudes of semantic prosody expressed by the origin,attribution,and judgment structures are stance.Thirdly,based on the class connection extracted in the study of V_双于structure semantic prosody,the semantic framework is abstracted and summarized,and the mechanism of semantic prosody generation is discussed from the perspective of semantic combination.The study found that the combinational framework dominated by the meaning of node words between words has an important influence on the generation of semantic rhyme.The specific rule is that it is restricted by the potential semantic combinational framework of node words.Different combinational frameworks can make the meaning of collocation words hidden or prominent to different degrees,thus reflecting different semantic prosody.Finally,a pragmatic study of semantic prosody is conducted from two aspects:the pragmatic attributes of semantic prosody and the influence of pragmatic factors on the generation of semantic prosody.The pragmatic properties of semantic rhyme are specifically manifested as semantic rhyme with a pragmatic evaluation function,and in the process of use,it follows the principles of conversation and politeness.The pragmatic factors that affect the generation of semantic prosody include two aspects:context and subjectivity.The former affects the discourse user’s understanding of the meaning of prosody in node words from the aspects of reversal and reinforcement.The latter will promote the lexicalization of the V_双于structure and activate the speaker’s subjective evaluation attitude implied by semantic prosody.This paper only takes the V_双于structure as the research object,and makes a preliminary analysis of the generation mechanism of semantic prosody from the semantic and pragmatic perspectives.Due to the limitation of the research object and the limitation of time and energy,some issues have not been specifically developed,and the relevant conclusions still need to be optimized.更多还原