【作者】 梁爽；

【导师】 马雁；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来突发事件频发,呈现出蔓延、扩张的趋势。为了迅速恢复社会秩序,行政应急机关通过行使行政应急权应对突发事件。突发状况下如果对行政应急权缺乏监督和制约,极易导致权力的滥用,损害公民的权利。目前,由于一些法律法规规定的概括性、模糊性以及现实情况的复杂性,我国在行政应急权的监督方面仍存在许多不足,行政应急权的监督机制亟待完善。针对上述情况,笔者主要从两个方面完善行政应急权的监督机制。首先,从行政应急机关内部对行政应急权进行制约,即行政监督,围绕行政机关内部层级化监督以及部门间协同监督进行论述,夯实行政应急层级监督的法律基础,创新层级监督的方式,完善行政应急问责机制和行政应急部门间的协同监督机制,使行政应急权在内部监督下有效行使。其次,从行政应急机关外部进行监督,人大监督从法律层面事前对行政应急权的行使进行规范;监察监督是新设立的监察委员会对应急过程中的违法失职、贪污腐败行为进行监督;司法监督作为事后监督通过完善司法审查制度、重构司法审查标准,保障公民、法人和其他组织的权利在突发事件中免受侵害;社会监督是公民和新闻媒体在突发事件中对行政应急权的监督,随着信息化、网络化的发展,已发展成为一支重要的监督力量。各个监督主体承担着不同层面的监督职责,让各种监督方式能够凸显各自的监督特点,使行政应急权在外部监督下能够更加科学、有效地作用于突发事件。本文以行政应急权的监督机制为研究对象,分为三部分进行探讨:第一,从研究行政应急权的基本理论出发,夯实应急理论基础,从而推出行政应急权监督的内涵及意义,突出研究的必要性。第二,结合我国实际情况,分析我国行政应急权监督机制的现状,找出目前存在的不足之处。第三,根据不足,提出针对性建议。行政应急机关内部从纵向层级监督到横向部门协同监督,形成系统化、立体化的内部监督体系;行政应急机关以外的监督主体包括人大监督、监察监督、司法监督、社会监督,从多个角度完善行政应急权的监督机制。内部监督和外部监督互相弥补不足、叠加优势,从而使行政应急权的监督力度更加强大,最终达到全方位、多层次的监督效果。上述对行政应急权监督机制的研究分析,既能够从整体的角度对我国行政应急权的行使进行规范,也能够从各个监督主体的角度进行制度规制,使我国的行政应急监督体系更加突显中国特色而日臻完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the occurrence of emergencies,showing a trend of spread,expansion.In order to restore social order quickly,administrative emergency organs respond to emergencies by exercising their administrative emergency power.If there is a lack of supervision and restriction on the administrative emergency power,it is easy to lead to the abuse of power and damage the rights of citizens.At present,due to the generality,fuzziness and complexity of some laws and regulations,there are still many shortcomings in the supervision of administrative emergency right in our country,and the supervision mechanism of administrative emergency right needs to be improved urgently.In view of the above situation,the author mainly consummates the supervision mechanism of administrative emergency right from two aspects.First of all,from the administrative emergency organs to restrict the administrative emergency power,that is,administrative supervision,around the administrative organs internal hierarchical supervision and inter-departmental collaborative supervision to consolidate the legal basis of administrative emergency level supervision,Innovate the way of hierarchical supervision,perfect the administrative emergency accountability mechanism and the cooperative supervision mechanism between administrative emergency departments,so that the administrative emergency power can be effectively exercised under internal supervision.Second,supervision from outside the administrative emergency organs,the people’s Congress supervision from the legal level to regulate the exercise of the right to administrative emergency;Supervision and supervision is the newly established supervisory committee to supervise the illegal dereliction of duty and corruption in the emergency process;Judicial supervision,as an ex post supervision,guarantees the rights of citizens,legal persons and other organizations to be protected from infringement in emergencies by perfecting the judicial review system and reconstructing the standards of judicial review.Social supervision is the supervision of the right of citizens and news media to administrative emergency in emergencies.With the development of information and networking,it has developed into animportant supervisory force.Each supervision subject undertakes different levels of supervision responsibility,so that all kinds of supervision methods can highlight their own characteristics of supervision,so that the right of administrative emergency under external supervision can act more scientifically and effectively on emergencies.This paper takes the supervision mechanism of administrative emergency right as the research object,which is divided into three parts: first,starting from the basic theory of administrative emergency right,ramming up the theoretical basis of emergency,thus introducing the connotation and significance of administrative emergency right supervision.Highlight the necessity of research.Secondly,according to the actual situation of our country,this paper analyzes the present situation of the supervision mechanism of administrative emergency right in our country,and finds out the shortcomings at present.Third,according to the insufficiency,puts forward the pertinence suggestion.The internal supervision of the administrative emergency organs from vertical level supervision to horizontal departments to form a systematic and three-dimensional internal supervision system;the main body of supervision outside the administrative emergency organs includes the supervision of the people’s Congress,supervision,judicial supervision,social supervision,and perfecting the supervision mechanism of the administrative emergency right from many angles.Internal supervision and external supervision make up for each other’s shortcomings and superposition advantages,so as to make the supervision of administrative emergency power more powerful,and finally achieve a comprehensive and multi-level supervision effect.The above research and analysis on the supervision mechanism of administrative emergency right can not only regulate the exercise of administrative emergency right in China from the whole point of view,but also regulate the system from the angle of each supervisory subject.Make our country’s administrative emergency supervision system more prominent Chinese characteristics and improve.更多还原