【作者】 王鑫；

【导师】 安俊琳；

【作者基本信息】 南京信息工程大学 ， 环境工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 大气消光系数与气溶胶物化性质有关,而气溶胶化学组成非常复杂,不同化学成分对消光系数亦有不同的影响。为探究南京气溶胶污染特征及其各组分的消光贡献,本文通过分析南京市2015～2018年PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO在线数据,得到观测期内南京市6种污染物质的污染特征,并与长三角（YRD）地区的上海、苏州,京津冀（BTH）地区的北京、天津,珠三角（PRD）地区的广州、深圳,四川盆地（SB）地区的成都和汾渭平原（FP）地区的临汾这几个典型城市进行比较。以南京市2017年3月15日至4月15日,以及7月和10月的观测数据作为个例,探究碳质颗粒物和水溶性离子的污染特征及其产生原因,以及对消光系数及雾霾的影响。主要结论如下:（1）2015～2018年PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO均呈现下降趋势,而O₃呈上升趋势。除O₃外均夏季浓度低,冬季浓度高;O₃为夏季高,冬季低,雾霾率在夏季最低,而冬季最高。（2）水溶性离子与碳质颗粒物是南京市PM_2.5的主要组分。水溶性离子的浓度由大到小依次为:NO₃^->SO₄^2->NH₄⁺>Ca²⁺>Cl^->NO₂^->K⁺>F^->Mg²⁺>Na⁺。与总体趋势相反,夏季NO₃^-<SO₄^2-。（3）南京北郊二次转化严重,并且移动源的贡献较大。（4）在春季,夏季和秋季,南京地区NH₄⁺、NO₃^-和SO₄^2-均以（NH₄）₂SO₄和NH₄NO₃的形式出现。春秋季的污染物主要受来自陆地的气团影响,而夏季则主要是海洋气团。（5）二次无机离子（SNA）的消光贡献在春季最大,在夏季最小。与秋季、春季不同,夏季（NH₄）₂SO₄的消光贡献最大。NH₄NO₃消光贡献的上升是雾霾形成的主要原因之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 The atmospheric extinction coefficient is related to the aerosol physicochemical properties,and the aerosol chemical composition is very complex,different chemical components also have different effects on extinction coefficient.In order to explore the characteristics of Nanjing aerosol pollution and the contribution of each component extinction,this article analyzed the online data of PM_2.5,PM₁₀,SO₂,NO₂,O₃,and CO in Nanjing from 2015 to 2018,and compared it with Shanghai and Suzhou in the YRD region,Beijing and Tianjin in the BTH region,Guangzhou and Shenzhen in the PRD region,Chengdu in the SB region,and Linfen in FP area.The samples were collected from March 15 to April 15,July,and October in Nanjing to investigate the pollution characteristics of carbonaceous particles and water-soluble ions.Based on this,the change of extinction coefficient during the 2017 sampling period was studied.（1）From 2015 to 2018,PM_2.5,PM₁₀,SO₂,NO₂,and CO all showed a downward trend,while O₃ showed an upward trend.Except for O₃,it was low in summer and high in winter.O₃was high in summer and low in winter.The haze rate was lowest in summer and highest in winter.（2）Water-soluble ions and carbonaceous particles were the main components of Nanjing PM_2.5.The composition of water-soluble ions in descending order was:NO₃^->SO₄^2->NH₄⁺>（3）The secondary transformation in the northern suburbs of Nanjing was serious,and the contribution of mobile sources was large.（4）In spring,summer and autumn in Nanjing,NH₄⁺,NO₃^-and SO₄^2-all appeared as（NH₄）₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃.Pollutants in autumn and winter were mainly affected by air masses from the land,while in summer they were mainly ocean air masses.（5）The extinction contribution of SNA was the largest in spring and the smallest in summer.Unlike autumn and spring,summer（NH₄）₂SO₄ had the largest extinction contribution.The rising contribution of NH₄NO₃ extinction was one of the main reasons for the formation of haze.更多还原