【作者】 刘洋；

【导师】 张迪；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨师范大学 ， 学科教学（物理）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 课堂是学校教学活动的“主阵地”。随着新课改的深入实施,对学校课堂教学的形式、内容、方法和目标提出了更多新的要求。长期以来,在应试教育的影响下,传统的教学模式渗透到课堂教学中,严重违背了学生的认知规律,造成课堂效率低下。“老师消耗大量精力,讲的累,学生不愿意听,学习效果差”一直是传统性课堂的顽疾,也一直是中等教育中比较普遍的现象。目前,随着课程改革的不断深入,课堂教学的改革收获了显著的成效,但仍然与新课标提出的要求相差甚远,怎样打造高效物理课堂,解决课堂教学低效的问题,是当前中等教育面临的难题,也是亟待解决的大问题。笔者在农村的一所初级中学任职多年,农村初中教学资源有限,教师专业能力不足,教学观念落后,教育机制不健全等问题较为突出。在教学过程中发现,受到主客观条件的制约和家庭教育缺失的影响,绝大多数学生学习知识的主要渠道就是课堂教学。受多种因素的制约,农村初中课堂教学效率严重低下。尽管全国新课程改革已经实施多年,并取得了十分显著的成效。但是农村地区的新课程改革进程相对落后,对初中物理教学产生了负面影响。物理学是自然科学中的一门基础学科,在自然科学中占有主导地位。它是学习其他自然科学的垫脚石和敲门砖。初中物理是物理基础的入门课程,是义务教育中的必修课程。其教学目的是:使学生通过物理学习掌握基础物理知识和技能,为以后更高层次的物理学习打下良好的基础。更重要的是培养学生对物理学习的兴趣,树立正确的科学观,养成良好的物理学习习惯,培养学生尊重事实,具有应用物理思维和独立思考的科学素养,勇于创新。在初中物理教学中,课堂教学是中学生获取物理知识、掌握物理技能的主要场所。因此,探索改变课堂低效的有效策略具有十分重要的现实意义。本文主要采用问卷调查法、文献分析法、课堂观察法、访谈法等方法对农村初中物理课堂效率低下进行研究。通过数据分析和讨论,发现并总结出农村初中物理课堂教学中存在的问题:农村初中物理教师的教学理念落后;农村初中物理教学设施落后;农村初中物理课堂教学的目的不明确,农村初中物理教师的专业能力亟待提高。分析农村初中物理课堂存在问题的原因。具体表现为:传统的教学方法和教学评价方法容易导致教学效果低下;农村初中教师跟不上时代,教学观念不更新,课堂效率低下;农村物理课堂教师单调的教学方式导致课堂效率低下;农村初中学校物理设施陈旧导致教学效果低效和农村初中物理课堂学生学习动机和能力不足导致课堂低效。依据农村物理课堂低效出现的原因,进一步提出了农村初中物理课堂教学的改进策略:运用信息技术优化教学手段;确定合理的教学目标;实现教学内容和结构的不断优化;改变教学观念和增强课堂趣味性;不断提高物理专业素养;学生增强物理学习能力;及时更新质量较高的物理教学器材。更多还原

【Abstract】 Classroom is the "main front" of school teaching activities.With the further implementation of the new curriculum reform,more and more new requirements are put forward for the form,content,method and goal of school classroom teaching.For a long time,influenced by exam oriented education,the traditional teaching mode goes deep into the classroom teaching,which seriously violates the cognitive law of students and causes low efficiency in the classroom."Teachers consume a lot of energy,speak tired,students are unwilling to listen,poor learning effect" has always been a stubborn disease in the traditional classroom,but also has been a relatively common phenomenon in the teaching field.At present,with the continuous deepening of curriculum reform,the reform of classroom teaching has achieved remarkable results,but it is still far from the requirements of the new curriculum standard.How to improve the classroom efficiency and change the phenomenon of inefficient classroom is the major problem of education and teaching that needs to be solved urgently in the education field.The author has worked in a junior middle school in rural areas for many years.The teaching resources are limited,the teachers’ professional ability is insufficient,the teaching concept is backward,and the education mechanism is not perfect.In the process of teaching,it is found that the main channel for the vast majority of students to learn knowledge is classroom teaching due to the constraints of subjective and objective conditions and the lack of family education.However,restricted by many factors,the rural junior high school classroom teaching is inefficient.Although the new curriculum reform has been implemented in the country for many years,and has achieved remarkable phased results,but the new curriculum reform in rural areas is too backward,which leads to difficulties in promoting the new curriculum reform in depth,which also has a negative impact on junior high school physics teaching.Physics is a basic discipline in natural science,which occupies a leading position in natural science.It is a stepping stone to learn other natural sciences.Junior high school physics is an introductory subject of physical foundation,and also a compulsory subject in compulsory education.The purpose of teaching is: students can master the basicknowledge and skills of physics through physics learning,so as to lay a good foundation for later higher level physics learning.What’s more important is to cultivate students’ interest in physics learning,establish a correct view of science,develop good habits of physics learning,cultivate students’ respect for facts,and have the scientific quality of applied physics thinking,independent thinking and innovation.In junior high school physics teaching,classroom teaching is the main place for middle school students to acquire physics knowledge and master physical skills.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to explore effective strategies to change classroom inefficiency.This paper mainly uses the methods of questionnaire survey,literature analysis,classroom observation,interview and so on to carry out the research on the low efficiency of rural junior high school physics classroom.Through data analysis and discussion,we found and summarized the problems of rural junior high school physics classroom teaching: the teaching concept of rural junior high school physics teachers is obsolete;the rural junior high school physics teaching facilities are obsolete;the rural junior high school physics classroom The purpose of teaching is not clear and the professional ability of junior middle school physics teachers in rural areas needs to be improved.This paper analyzes the causes of the problems existing in the rural junior high school physics classroom,specifically as follows: the traditional teaching methods and teaching evaluation methods are easy to lead to inefficient teaching effect;the rural junior high school teachers can not keep pace with the times to update the teaching concept,resulting in the classroom inefficiency;the monotonous teaching methods of rural junior high school lead to the low efficiency of the classroom;the obsolete physical facilities of rural junior high school lead to teaching The low efficiency of learning effect and the lack of learning motivation and ability of rural junior high school students lead to classroom inefficiency.According to the reasons for the low efficiency of rural physics classroom,this paper further puts forward the improvement strategies of rural junior middle school physics classroom teaching: using information technology to optimize teaching methods;determining reasonable teaching objectives;realizing the continuous optimization of teaching content and structure;changing teaching concepts and enhancing classroom interest;constantly improving physical professional quality;enhancing students’ physical learning ability;timely and timely improvement of physical learning ability The new high-quality physics teaching equipment and leaders further improve the importance of physics teaching.更多还原