【作者】 吴林；

【导师】 吴燕；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 出版硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 人工智能技术在内容生产领域的应用,为社会提供了形式多样、数量庞大的内容产品,丰富着社会的文化。然而,对于这些并非由人类直接创造而出的人工智能创作物,版权法是否应当对其进行保护、如何保护?版权法律如何应对这一系列问题,将直接影响到版权市场的稳定性和出版传播的便利性,进而影响到人工智能这一新兴科技未来的发展与进步。因此,本文将会聚焦于人工智能创作物版权保护的相关议题,主要探讨其是否具有可版权性、版权归属以及保护路径。在厘清人工智能技术的发展历程和现状之后,本文认为尽管当前的人工智能程序仍无法完全摆脱人类的控制,但是已经具备了自主地学习、掌握并运用规律的能力。而影响人工智能创作物究竟能否被判断为是版权法所言之“作品”的最关键的因素就是,其是否体现出了一定的“独创性”。人工智能所创作出的内容与已有作品存在明显差异,符合“独创性”之“独”;人工智能通过自主学习掌握创作规律,并且能不断对前次创作进行优化升级,其创作物拥有着与人类作品高度相似的外观,符合“独创性”之“创”。因此,人工智能创作物完全符合当前相关法律法规中规定的“作品”的构成要件。此外,承认人工智能创作物的可版权性,与自然权利学说和功利主义的激励理论相契合,也更有利于维持版权市场秩序的稳定、维护出版企业的正当利益、刺激人类创作繁荣发展和促进人工智能相关研究的提升。关于人工智能创作物版权归属问题,在比较、分析当前理论界所讨论较多的“人工智能说”“设计者说”“所有者说”和“使用者说”四种观点后,本文认为将人工智能创作物的版权分配给使用人工智能程序进行创作的使用者,能够避免“重复激励”问题,且真正有助于人工智能创作物的生产和出版传播。最后,针对如何保护人工智能创作物的问题,本文提出可在现行版权法中增设新的作品类型——人工智能作品,并秉持人类作品与人工智能作品“分野而治”的原则,以较低的保护标准对这类作品的权利取得、权利内容、权利期限等作出具体规定,以平衡权利人利益和社会公共利益。版权法的变革一直与技术革命相伴而生。面对人工智能广泛参与内容生产这一不争的事实,版权法必须积极做出回应,以保障和平衡各方权益,使得更多优质作品得以生产出来和传播出去,从而实现推动全社会科学文化事业繁荣进步的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 The application of artificial intelligence in the field of content production has provided the society with a large number of content products,which have enriched society’s culture.However,weather should artificial intelligence creations which are not created directly by humans should be protected by copyright law and how should they be protected? How copyright law responds to this series of issues will directly affect the stability of the copyright market and the convenience of publishing and dissemination,and moreover influence the further development of artificial intelligence.Therefore,this paper will make an in-depth analysis on the issues related to the protection of the copyright of artificial intelligence creations,and discuss whether they have copyright,copyright ownership and the protection path.After clarifying the development history and current situation of artificial intelligence,this paper believes that although the current artificial intelligence program still can not completely get rid of human control,it already has the ability to learn and think independently.The key to whether an artificial intelligence creationcan constitute a work in the sense of copyright law is its "originality." The content created by artificial intelligence is significantly different from the existing works,which is in line with the "independence" of "originality";artificial intelligence masters the rules of creation through independent learning,and can continuously optimize and improve previous creations.Artificial intelligence creations are very similar to human works,in line with the originality of "innovation." Therefore,artificial intelligence creations fully conform to the elements of the "work" stipulated in the current relevant laws and regulations.In addition,acknowledging the copyrightability of artificial intelligence creations is in accordance with the theory of natural rights and utilitarian incentive theory.These theories are more conducive to maintaining the stability of the copyright market order,defending the legitimate interests of publishing companies,stimulating the prosperity of human creation,and promoting Artificial Intelligent research progress.Regarding to the issue that who owns the rights and interests of artificial intelligence creation is the most reasonable choice,after comparing and analyzing the four viewpoints of "Artificial Intelligence Owns Copyright","Designer Owns Copyright","Owner Owns Copyright" and "User Owns Copyright" that are currently discussed in the theoretical circle,this article believes that assigning the copyright of Artificial Intelligence creations to those who use Artificial Intelligence programs can avoid the problem of “duplicate incentive”and help producing and publishing of Artificial Intelligence creations.Finally,to address the issue of how to protect Artificial Intelligence creations,this paper proposes that a new type of work—Artificial Intelligence work—can be added to the current copyright law and adhere to the principle of "divide and rule" between human works and Artificial Intelligence works.With lower protection standards,specific provisions are made on the acquisition of rights,content of rights,duration of rights,etc.to balance the interests of right holders and the public.Changes in copyright law have been accompanied by technological revolutions.Facing the indisputable fact that artificial intelligence is widely involved in content production,copyright law must respond actively to protect and balance the rights and interests of all parties,encourage the creation and dissemination of worksthat are beneficial to the construction of spiritual civilization and material civilization,and promote the development and prosperity of cultural and scientific undertakings.更多还原