【作者】 王涛；

【导师】 刘选朝； 刘科满；

【作者基本信息】 西安石油大学 ， 仪器仪表工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 油气井的连续、稳定、安全运行对于油田安全生产和管理、提高生产效率,降低生产成本具有重要的意义。然而由于我国油井分布大多地处野外,且地理位置较为分散,导致油井工作状况的监测和控制成为制约油田信息化的难点问题。为能够迅速准确地掌握油井工况、及时发现油井故障、提高工作效率和经济效益,本系统设计开发了基于ARM+OneNET的油井参数远程监控系统。首先,分析了游梁式抽油机的结构和工作原理,阐述抽油机的核心部件电动机的工作状态与电参数之间的关系;在此基础上,建立了电动机的动力学、功率模型和悬点载荷模型,为电功图监测抽油机状态奠定了理论基础。其次,在详细分析了几种远程监控系统的基础上,设计了油井参数远程监控系统方案;构建了基于ARM芯片AM335X的远程监控终端的硬件平台,主要包括最小系统设计、Wi Fi无线通信模块设计、调理电路设计、外部输出控制模块设计、接口电路设计和硬件抗干扰设计。最后,基于Linux操作系统和Sqlite3数据库设计了远程监控终端的软件,利用OneNET物联网云平台搭建了监控中心。采用模块化的软件设计思想,将远程监控终端的软件设计划分为主程序模块、油井参数采集模块、视频采集模块、缓冲区模块、数据库模块、人机交互显示模块。其中,主程序模块利用多线程技术和信号量技术,实现了各个线程的创建和回收;油井参数采集模块利用Linux下的串口编程技术,实现电参数的采集;视频采集模块利用V4L2技术实现视频信息的采集;缓冲区模块采用消息队列的机制,实现了各个线程间的解耦和数据的交互;数据库模块利用SQL语句,实现油井参数、故障信息及油井状态存储;人机交互显示模块利用Framebuffer(帧缓冲)技术实现相关电参数的显示、故障报警提示、油井状态显示等功能;Wi Fi模块采用MQTT协议和JSON格式将采集到的油井参数上传至监控中心OneNET上。监控中心OneNET主要完成相关油井参数及视频的显示、存储、分析、远程控制及故障报警等功能。通过现场实验表明,本系统可以稳定的实现本地及远程的油井参数显示、视频显示、故障报警、分析抽油机工作状态和启停抽油机,在实时掌握井场工况、减少设备出现故障、防止原油偷盗等方面发挥着关键作用,对于数字化油田的建设具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The continuous,stable and safe operation of oil and gas wells is of great significance for the safe production and management of oil fields,the improvement of production efficiency and the reduction of production costs.However,most of the oil wells in our country are located in the field,and the geographical location is relatively scattered,so the monitoring and control of oil well working condition has become a difficult problem restricting oilfield informatization.In order to quickly and accurately grasp the working conditions of oil wells,timely find the faults of oil wells,and improve the work efficiency and economic benefits,this system designs and develops a remote monitoring system of oil well parameters based on ARM & OneNET.Firstly,the structure and working principle of the beam pumping unit are analyzed,and the relationship between the working state and electrical parameters of the motor,the core component of the pumping unit,is expounded.On this basis,the dynamics,power model and suspension load model of the motor are established,which lays a theoretical foundation for monitoring the state of the pumping unit by electric power diagram.Secondly,based on the detailed analysis of several remote monitoring systems,the scheme of remote monitoring system for oil well parameters is designed;the hardware platform of remote monitoring terminal based on ARM chip AM335 X is constructed,mainly including the design of minimum system,Wi Fi wireless communication module,conditioning circuit,external output control module,interface circuit and hardware anti-interference design.Finally,the software of remote monitoring terminal is designed based on Linux operating system and SQLite3 database,and the monitoring center is built using OneNET Internet of things cloud platform.The software design of the remote monitoring terminal is divided into main program module,oil well parameter acquisition module,video acquisition module,buffer module,database module and human-computer interaction display module.Among them,the main program module uses multithreading technology and semaphore technology to achieve the creation and recovery of each thread;the oil well parameter acquisition module uses serial port programming technology under Linux to achieve the acquisition of electrical parameters;the video acquisition module uses v4l2 technology to achieve the acquisition of video information;the buffer module uses the mechanism of message queue to achieve the decoupling and data recovery between each thread The database module uses SQL statements to store oil well parameters,fault information and oil well status;the human-computer interactive display module uses framebuffer technology to display relevant electrical parameters,fault alarm and oil well status;the Wi Fi module uses mqtt protocol and JSON format to upload the collected oil well parameters to OneNET of the monitoring center.The monitoring center OneNET mainly completes the display,storage,analysis,remote control and fault alarm of relevant oil well parameters and video.The field experiment shows that the system can stably realize the local and remote oil well parameter display,video display,fault alarm,analysis of the working state of the pumping unit and the start and stop of the pumping unit.It plays a key role in real-time mastering the working conditions of the well site,reducing equipment failure,preventing crude oil theft and so on.It has a certain reference value for the construction of digital oilfield.更多还原