【作者】 张毅；

【导师】 随慧斌； 沈强；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 电气工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着能源危机的出现以及世界各国政府对环境质量要求的提高,各国政府开始提倡人们使用清洁、环保的电动汽车取代燃油车出行。随着电动汽车的大规模推行,伴随着一系列的技术问题。从用户需求角度来看,其关注点在电动汽车的充电设施使用的方便性和电动汽车的充电速率问题;从电网角度来看,其关注点是如何合理进行配电网规划,在满足用户需求的前提下,既要节省资金投入,又要保证电力系统的安全稳定运行。因此,一方面要开展电动汽车充电负荷需求的分析,明确电动汽车充电时空特性,便于下一步的配电网规划;另一方面则要研究合理的配电网规划,实现资源投入与客户需求的双向平衡。基于以上的分析,本文从充电负荷的时空特性和规划方法优化方面进行论述研究,并运用实例说明适应电动汽车发展的新型智能电网如何发展。主要研究步骤及内容如下:首先开展了电动汽车充电需求的分析,简述了电动汽车、充电设施发展情况,分析了动力电池及充电方式的研究现状;基于出行链理论分析了充电负荷的时空特性,并建立数学模型;使用蒙特卡罗仿真法对各功能区域内的电动汽车充电负荷和能量需求进行仿真研究。然后开展了配电网规划方法的研究,基于充电站布点、电动汽车充电负荷特性,以投资成本、网络损耗、运行效率最优作为目标,寻找最佳的接入方式,提出适应电动汽车的配电网网格化规划模型,减少了电网侧、充电站侧的总成本,达到了经济高效的目的。最后选取齐河县城南新区某供电单元进行了实例分析,按照充电负荷模型修正电力需求预测,根据配电网网格化规划模型进行规划方案的求解和成效分析。分析结果表明所构建的模型可以较好地适应电动汽车充电负荷接入的发展,为配电网规划建设提供一种较为经济、高效的建设方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the emergence of energy crisis and the improvement of environmental quality requirements of governments all over the world,governments began to advocate that people use clean and environmentally friendly electric vehicles to replace fuel vehicles.With the large-scale implementation of electric vehicles,it brings a series of technical problems.From the perspective of user demand,its focus is on the convenience of the use of electric vehicle charging facilities and the charging rate of electric vehicles;from the perspective of power grid,its focus is how to reasonably carry out the distribution network planning.On the premise of meeting user demand,it should not only save capital investment,but also ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system.Therefore,on the one hand,it is necessary to carry out the analysis of electric vehicle charging load demand,clarify the space-time characteristics of electric vehicle charging,so as to facilitate the next step of distribution network planning;on the other hand,it is necessary to study reasonable distribution network planning,so as to realize the two-way balance between resource investment and customer demand.Based on the above analysis,this paper discusses and studies from the aspects of orderly charging and discharging and optimization of planning methods,and uses examples to illustrate how to develop the new smart grid which adapts to the development of electric vehicles.The main research steps and contents are as follows:Firstly,the paper analyzes the charging demand of electric vehicles,describes the development of electric vehicles and charging facilities,analyzes the research status of power batteries and charging methods,analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of charging load based on travel chain theory,and establishes a mathematical model,and uses Monte Carlo simulation method to charge electric vehicles in four areas:residential area,commercial area,work area and leisure area Load and energy demand are simulated.Based on the characteristics of charging stations and charging load of electric vehicles,the optimal access mode is found with the optimal investment cost,network loss and operation efficiency as the objectives,and the grid planning model suitable for electric vehicles is proposed,which reduces the total cost of grid side and charging station side and achieves the purpose of economic efficiency.Finally,a power supply unit in Chengnan New District of Qihe County is selected for example analysis.The power demand forecast is modified according to the charging load model,and the planning scheme is solved and the effect is analyzed according to the grid planning model of distribution network.The analysis results show that the model can better adapt to the development of electric vehicle charging load access,and provide a more economical and efficient construction scheme for distribution network planning and construction.更多还原