【作者】 张静；

【导师】 袁铸； 张树杰；

【作者基本信息】 河北北方学院 ， 学科教学（思政）（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 法律是保护和实现公民权益最有效的手段,是维护社会公平正义有序发展的坚强基石,也是政党执政合法化的基本保障,更是实现国家长治久安的重要支柱。加强对公民法治意识的教育非常重要,高中教育是一种基础教育,思想政治学科又是专门贯彻落实立德树人的关键课程,对公民法治意识的培养更主要的是由基础教育阶段的思想政治课程承担初期的任务。高中生是未来法治国家建设的新生力量,他们法治意识的强弱直接关系法治国家建设的进程。2017年最新修订版的《普通高中思想政治课程标准》中也明确提出“法治意识”是思想政治学科核心素养之一。因此,无论是法治国家的建设,还是学科发展的要求,培养高中生的法治意识都成为一项刻不容缓的任务。基于目前高中生法治意识的培养中存在着很多的问题,本文采用了文献研究法、调查问卷法和访谈法等研究方法,全文共分为四部分,分述如下:第一部分:法治意识概述。首先对法制与法治的概念进行了区分;其次从法律至上意识、程序规则意识、权利义务意识和平等公正意识四个方面对法治意识的概念进行了界定;然后从学生的成长、学科的发展、社会的发展以及法治国家的建设四个角度阐述了高中生法治意识培养的意义;最后结合思想政治课程的目标与法治意识的素养水平将高中生法治意识的培养目标分为知、信、行三个层次。第二部分:高中生法治意识培养现状的调查。通过整理学生的调查问卷以及教师的访谈结果,运用SPSS 25.0软件进行分析,了解到高中生法治意识的培养现状。其中,高中生法治意识的主要表现有:法律至上意识逐渐觉醒;规则意识逐步树立、程序意识相对匮乏;权利意识逐渐增强、义务意识相对淡漠;平等意识逐渐提高、公正意识相对淡薄。与此同时,高中生法治意识的培养中也存在问题,比如:法治意识水平之间存在差异、对法治认知存在不足、法治意识的培养局限课堂教学、思想政治教材的内容尚未挖掘、法治意识的培养与社会生活脱节。第三部分:高中生法治意识培养中存在问题的原因分析。主要原因表现在五个方面:教育发展中的不平衡、不充分,主要是由区域教育发展不协调、高考的压力和性别差异所致;学生、学校、家庭社会等培养主体没有同向发力;培养内容碎片分散,教材中法治的内容分布不均、选择性必修教材尚未充分利用、缺少适合学生的法治校本教材、组织主题班会重安全轻法治;培养途径比较单一,主要依靠课堂教学、法治实践基地尚未搭建、网络教育优势发挥不足、社区资源没有很好运用所致;缺少评价体系,评价方式缺乏规范性、评价内容单一、评价过程缺少情境化、评价结果实用性不明确。第四部分:高中生法治意识的培养策略。针对存在的问题,提出下列培养策略:注重区域教育发展的协调性,努力实现学生发展的全面性,保持法治意识培养的持续性,促进教育的平衡充分发展;发挥学生主观能动性、学校主阵地作用、家庭的引导功能、社会的支撑作用,确保培养主体同向发力;挖掘必修教材的法治元素,充分利用选择性必修教材,研发法治校本教材,丰富法治意识的培养内容;坚持课堂教学培养为主,搭建可靠的实践基地,发挥网络教育的便利,利用社区法治资源,努力拓宽培养途径;依据科学的评价体系理论,构建有效的法治意识评价体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The law is the most effective mean to protect and realize the rights and interests of citizens.It is a strong cornerstone to safeguard social fairness,justice and orderly development.It is very important to strengthen the education of citizen’s sense of rule of law,senior high school education is a basic education,ideological and political discipline is a key course for the implementation of moral cultivation,the cultivation of citizen’s sense of rule of law is mainly by the basic education stage of ideological and political courses to undertake the initial task.Senior high school students are a new force in the construction of a country ruled by law in the future.The strength of their awareness of rule of law is directly related to the process of building a country ruled by law.The latest revised edition of the General Senior High School’s Ideological and Political Curriculum Standards in 2017 also clearly stated that "awareness of rule of law" is one of the core qualities of the discipline of ideology and politics.Therefore,whether it is the construction of a country ruled by law or the requirements of discipline development,it is an urgent task to cultivate the sense of rule of law among senior high school students.Based on the current problems of cultivating senior high school students’ awareness of rule of law,research methods such as literature research,questionnaire and interview are used in the article.The full text is divided into four parts,which are described as follows:The first part is about overview of awareness of rule of law.At first,it distinguishes between the concept of the law and the rule of law.Secondly,the concept of awareness of rule of law is defined from five aspects,the consciousness of the supremacy of law,the consciousness of procedural rules,the consciousness of rights and obligations,and the consciousness of equality and justice.Then it expounds the significance of the cultivation of senior high school students’ awareness of rule of law from four perspectives,the growth of students,the development of subjects,the development of society and the construction of a law-based country.Finally,combining the goals of the ideological and political curriculum with the level of consciousness of rule of law,the cultivation goals of awareness of rule of law for senior high school students is divided into three levels: knowledge,faith and practice.The second part shows the investigation on status quo of the cultivation of law consciousness of senior high school students.By sorting out the questionnaires of students and the results of interviews with teachers and using SPSS 25.0 to analyze,it is found that the status quo of the cultivation of senior high school students’ awareness of the rule of law.Among them,the main manifestations of senior high school students’ awareness of rule of law are: the consciousness of the supremacy of law is gradually awakened;the awareness of rules is gradually established and the awareness of procedures is relatively lacking;the awareness of rights is gradually enhanced and the awareness of obligations is relatively indifferent;the awareness of equality is gradually raised and the awareness of justice is relatively weak.At the same time,there are also problems in the cultivation of senior high school students’ awareness of rule of law.For example,there are differences between the levels of the rule of law consciousness,insufficient understanding of the rule of law,the cultivation of the rule of law consciousness is limited to classroom teaching,the content of ideological and political textbooks has not yet been tapped,and the awareness of the rule of law training is out of touch with social life.The third part is analysis of the reasons for the problems in the cultivation of senior high school students’ awareness of rule of law.The main reasons are as follows: the unbalanced and inadequate development of education,which is mainly caused by the uncoordinated development of regional education,the pressure of college entrance examination and gender differences;students,schools,family,society and other training subjects do not work in the same direction;the training content fragments are scattered,the content of the rule of law in the teaching materials is unevenly distributed,the selective compulsory teaching materials are not fully utilized,the school-based teaching materials suitable for students are not available,and the class meeting on the theme emphasizes security rather than the rule of law;the cultivation approach is relatively simple,which mainly relies on classroom teaching,the foundation of rule of law practice has not yet been established,the advantages of network education have not been given full play,and the community resources have not been well utilized;lack of evaluation system,lack of standardization of evaluation method,single evaluation content,lack of contextualization of evaluation process,and unclear practicability of evaluation results.The fourth part is cultivation strategies of senior high school students’ awareness of rule of law.In view of the existing problems,the following training strategies are drawn: pay attention to the coordination of regional education development,strive to achieve the comprehensive development of students,maintain the continuity of the cultivation of the awareness of the rule of law,and promote the balanced and full development of education;give play to the students’ subjective initiative,the role of the school as the main front,the guiding function of the family,and the supporting role of the society,so as to ensure that the training subjects can exert their strength in the same direction;explore the legal elements in compulsory textbooks,make full use of selective compulsory textbooks,research and develop school-based legal textbooks,and enrich the content of cultivating the awareness of the rule of law;insist on the classroom teaching training,build a reliable practice base,make full use of the convenience of online education,use the community resources for rule of law,and broaden the cultivation methods;according to the theory of scientific evaluation system,construct an effective evaluation system of awareness of rule of law.更多还原