【作者】 王宁；

【导师】 李志坤； 庞朝友；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 农艺与种业（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 棉花是我国重要的经济作物,也是主要的纺织工业原材料。棉纤维约占全球使用纤维的35%,提高棉花产量与纤维品质是主要的棉花育种目标。随着经济的发展和国内棉纺织工业技术的不断进步,进一步基于产量和品质性状鉴定与评价陆地棉种质资源是当前棉花育种的重要基础。本研究以来自中国、哥斯达黎加、巴基斯坦、保加利亚、澳大利亚、土库曼斯坦、乌干达、乌兹别克斯坦、法国、吉尔吉斯斯坦、墨西哥、马里和肯尼亚13个国家的978份棉花种质资源为实验材料,对铃重、子指、衣分、纤维长度、整齐度、马克隆值、断裂比强度、短纤维率等8个性状进行了鉴定与评价,最终筛选出产量相关性状和品质性状优异的种质资源材料22份,可作为今后棉花育种工作的亲本资源。主要结果如下:1、由产量性状和品质性状的变异系数得出,变异系数最大的是子指(15.00%),其次是铃重(13.93%),衣分的变异系数最小(11.70%)。表明在产量相关性状中改良潜力最大的是子指;在品质性状中,变异系数最大的是短纤维率(13.31%),其次是断裂比强度(10.20%),第三是马克隆值(8.79%),再次是纤维长度(6.53%),最后是整齐度(1.72%),说明短纤维率改良潜力最大。2、相关分析表明:铃重与子指、纤维长度、整齐度和断裂比强度呈极显著正相关;衣分与马克隆值之间呈极显著的正相关;子指与纤维长度、整齐度、断裂比强度呈极显著正相关;纤维长度与整齐度和断裂比强度呈极显著正相关;整齐度与断裂比强度之间都呈极显著的正相关性;断裂比强度与铃重、子指、纤维长度、整齐度都呈极显著的正相关性;短纤维率与马克隆值之间呈极显著正相关。主成分分析表明:前5个主成分的累积贡献率达到90.24%。3、利用离差平方和聚类法构建聚类树状图,根据8个产量性状和品质性状将978份种质资源划分为6个类群,其中前三个类群包含了大部分种质。第Ⅰ类群是最大的类群,共有793份种质,典型特征是衣分均值最高。第Ⅱ类群共有51份种质,各个性状的平均值都较低,属于产量相关性状和品质性状较差的类群,但是铃重、衣分的变异系数较大;第Ⅲ类群有131份种质,表现特征为长纤维、大铃、断裂比强度较高,马克隆值较好,是各性状表现最好的类群。4、共鉴定出铃重大于6.2g的种质113份;衣分在40%以上的有109份;纤维长度在30 mm以上的有480份;断裂比强度在30 cN/tex以上的有466份;马克隆值达到A级标准的有25份。综合性状较好的22份种质分别为:中R014121、中棉所14号、MSCO-12、鲁无16、中0548、哥利格35-W、布哈拉6号、河大65-125、波棉3号(“1”式)、无酚1号、石无107、无极一枝花、冀91-28、孝2168、河无309、黑山棉1号、宁棉18号(华东6555)、70-24、八农212、中无268、苏棉11号、辽无354。基于以上结果,得出本试验结论:基于表型性状为棉花新品种选育提供优异亲本;产量相关性状与品质性状之间存在相关性;本研究共筛选出综合性状较好的优异种质22份,对棉花新品种选育具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cotton is an important cash crop,and also is the main raw material of textile industry in China.Cotton fiber accounts for about 35%of the fiber used in the world.Improving cotton yield and fiber quality are the main goals of cotton breeding.Following the development of economy and the cotton textile industry in China,it is the important basis of cotton breeding to further identify and evaluate the germplasms of upland cotton based on yield and fiber quality traits.A total of 978 upland cotton germplasms coming from 13 countries,including China,Costa Rica,Pakistan,Bulgaria,Australia,Turkmenistan,Uganda,Uzbekistan,France,Kyrgyzstan,Mexico,Mali,and Kenya,were identified and evaluated based on eight traits,including boll weight,seed index,lint percentage,fiber length,uniformity,micronaire,break strength,and short fiber content.Finally,22 germplasms of excellent yield-related and quality traits were selected,which can be used the parents for cotton breeding in the future.The main results were as following:1.For yield traits,the coefficient of variation of seed index,boll weight,and lint percentage were 15.00%,13.93%,and 11.70%in turn,which indicated that seed index was the best potential trait to improve.And for fiber quality traits,the coefficient of variation of short fiber content,break strength,micronaire,fiber length,and uniformity were 13.31%,10.20%,8.79%,6.53%,and 1.72%in turn,which indicated that the short fiber content was the best potential trait to improve.2.Correlation analysis showed that the significant positive correlation were identified between boll weight and seed index,fiber length,uniformity and break strength;between lint percentage and micronaire;between seed index and fiber length,uniformity,break strength;between fiber length and uniformity,break strength;between uniformity and break strength;between break strength and boll weight,seed index,fiber length,uniformity;and between short fiber content and micronaire.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components was 90.24.3.In this study,978 germplasms were divided into six groups based on eight yield and fiber quality traits using the method of deviation square and clustering.The first three groups included most of the germplasms.Especially,the group Ⅰ included 793 germplasms with the highest mean value of lint percentage.The group Ⅱ included 51 germplasms with the lower mean values of each traits,which was the poor group than other groups.But the coefficient of variation of boll weight and lint percentage were higher.The group Ⅲcontained 131 germplasms,and was the best group with the excellent traits of fiber length,boll weight,break strength,and micronaire.4.In this research,a total of 113 germplasms were identified with the boll weight more than 6.2 g.One hundred and nine germplasms were identified with lint percentage more than 40%.Four hundred eighty germplasms were identified with the fiber length more than 30 mm.and 466 germplasms were identified with the break strength more than 30 cN/tex.In addition,25 germplasms had A grade micronaire.Finally,22 germplasms were screened with the excellent yield and fiber quality traits,which included Zhong R014121,Zhong Mian Institute 14,MSCO-12,Lu Wu 16,Zhong 0548,Golig 35-W,Bukhara 6,He Da 65-125,Bo Mian 3("1"),No Phenol 1,Shi Wu 107,Wuji one flower,Ji 91-28,Xiao 2168,He Wu 309,Montenegro Cotton 1,Ning Mian 18(East China 6555),70-24,Bannong 212,Zhong Wu 268,Su Mian 11,and Liao Wu 354.Based on the above results,the conclusion of this experiment was drawn:based on phenotypic traits,it provided excellent parents for the breeding of new cotton varieties;There was a correlation between yield-related traits and quality traits;In this study,a total of 22 excellent germplasm with good comprehensive characters were selected,which is of great significance for the breeding of new cotton varieties.更多还原