【作者】 李文；

【导师】 杜群；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选取从客体的类型化和体系化两条进路出发完善森林资源用益物权生态规制制度,而二者前提均为对森林资源用益物权进行类型划分。森林资源用益物权生态规制与类型划分是目的与手段的关系。一方面,要基于目的去检视手段的合理性和正确性,即基于生态规制的完善方向分析森林资源用益物权类型划分的宏观要求。另一方面,要采取手段达成目的,即要根据具体类型划分进行具体生态规制。完善我国森林资源用益物权的生态规制需要从类型化和体系化进路出发,并且需要将生态价值纳入森林资源用益物权权能支配范围,要求森林资源用益物权的类型划分应当具有明晰性、多元性、复合性和体系性,既不能完全割裂森林资源的各个组成部分也不能将所有要素笼统的视为一体而不进行清晰的确权划分。此外,应当将森林资源的生态价值作为森林资源用益物权类型划分的考量因素。而目前我国在法律上基于客体和主要目的以及在学理上基于利用的消耗性对森林资源用益物权进行类型划分的两种方式不适应上述完善生态规制的需要,因此,需要对森林资源用益物权进行类型重构。森林资源用益物权类型重构具有二阶层结构,第一阶层是基于客体的类型重构。首先,根据森林资源自然状态内部结构进行立体化、多层次的类型重构,其次,根据森林资源生态整体性和系统性进行体系化类型重构。最后基于森林资源价值与需求多样性进行森林资源用益物权类型细分。在第一阶层基础上,再根据权利构造差异对森林资源用益物权进行第二阶层类型重构。一方面,不同类型的森林资源用益物权的占有、使用和收益权能在对象、形态和期限等层面存在差异。另一方面,基于森林资源用益物权母权构造方面的差异可以将森林资源用益物权分为单一型森林资源用益物权、复合型森林资源用益物权和整体型森林资源用益物权三种类型。最后,基于类型重构从类型化和体系化两条进路完善我国森林资源用益物权生态规制制度。首先,森林资源用益物权生态规制的类型化进路要求对不同类型森林资源用益物权进行类型化生态规制,分别采取不同程度的生态规制措施。一方面是对森林资源用益物权权能行使的类型化生态规制,另一方面是对生态规制主体参与程度的类型化,即根据不同的森林资源用益物权具体类型确定政府、企业和社会三种主体对其进行生态规制的不同程度。其次,森林资源用益物权生态规制的体系化进路要求在对不同类型的森林资源用益物权采取不同程度的生态规制基础上,还要考虑不同类型森林资源用益物权的联系,进行一体化生态规制。首先,对森林资源用益物权三种母权构造类型进行体系化生态规制。其次,在坚持可持续发展这一根本原则基础上,运用比例原则对森林资源用益物权体系化生态规制中存在的利益冲突进行利益衡量。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study chooses to improve the ecological regulation system of forest resource usufruct from the two approaches of typology and systematization,and both premises are to classify the forest resource usufruct.The ecological regulation and classification of forest resource usufruct is the relationship between purpose and means.On the one hand,it is necessary to examine the rationality and correctness of the means based on the purpose,that is,to analyze the macro-requirements for the classification of forest resource usufruct based on the improvement direction of ecological regulation.On the other hand,it is necessary to adopt means to achieve the goal,that is,specific ecological regulations should be made according to specific types.Improving the ecological regulation of forest resource usufruct in China needs to proceed from the two approaches of typology and systematization,and the ecological value needs to be included in the dominance of forest resource usufruct.This requires that the classification of forest resource usufruct should be clear,diverse,complex and systematic,which can neither completely separate the various components of forest resources nor treat all elements as a whole without clear classification.In addition,the ecological value of forest resources should be considered as a factor in the classification of forest resource usufruct.However,the two ways of classifying forest resource usufruct based on object and main purpose in law and consumptive in theory are not suitable for the above needs of improving ecological regulation.Therefore,it is necessary to reconstruct a new classification of forest resource usufruct.The new classification of forest resource usufruct has a two-tier structure,and the first stratum is based on object.First of all,according to the internal structure of the natural state of forest resources,a three-dimensional,multi-level classification is carried out.Second,the systematic classification is carried out according to the ecological integrity and systematic nature of forest resources.Finally,forest resource usufruct are subdivided based on the value and demand diversity of forest resources.On the basis of the first stratum,the second stratum is based on the differences in the rights structure of forest resource usufruct.On the one hand,different types of forest resource usufruct have different rights in possession,use,and income in terms of object,form,and duration.On the other hand,based on the differences in the structure of the mother rights of forest resource usufruct,forest resource usufruct can be divided into three types: unitary forest resource usufruct,compound forest resource usufruct and integral forest resource usufruct.Finally,based on the new classification,the ecological regulation system of forest resource usufruct in China is improved from two approaches: typology and systematization.First,the typology approach to the ecological regulation of forest resource usufruct requires the typified ecological regulation to different types of forest resource usufruct,and different levels of ecological regulation measures should be taken respectively.On the one hand,it is a typified ecological regulation on the exercise of forest resource usufruct;on the other hand,it is a typology of the participation degree of the main body of ecological regulation.Secondly,the systematic approach to the ecological regulation of forest resource usufruct requires consideration of the relationship between different types of forest resource usufruct to carry out integrated ecological regulation.First,three kinds of mother right structure types of forest resource usufruct are systematically regulated..Secondly,on the basis of adhering to the fundamental principle of sustainable development,the principle of proportionality is used to measure the interests conflicts in the systematic ecological regulation of forest resource usufruct.更多还原