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新加坡政党政治体制的国家治理作用研究

On the Role of Singapore Political Party System in National Governance

【作者】 刘媛

【导师】 古洪能;

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 , 政治学, 2020, 硕士

【摘要】 自从中国共产党十八届三中全会将“推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”作为全面深化改革的总目标后,国家治理便成为政治学界的一个热门话题,十九届四中全会的召开更是把这个话题推上了新一轮的热潮。在政党政治时代,政党执政治国早已是普遍存在的现象,考察国家治理绝对不能缺少政党政治的视角。大多数国家都存在两个或者两个以上的政党,这些政党之间相互作用就形成了一定的政党政治体制。这使得关注一国的国家治理就不能脱离该国的政党政治体制,一国政党政治体制的国家治理作用也就非常值得研究。当今世界有两百多个国家和地区,无法逐一考察。由于新加坡国家治理成效显著,具有独特的政党政治体制,选取新加坡作为个案进行研究,具有一定的典型性和可行性。国家治理是一个新鲜的题目,缺乏现成的理论分析框架。政治系统分析与此有一定关系,可以借鉴使用,由此可以形成一个关于国家治理的体系、过程和结果的分析框架。新加坡形成的是人民行动党一党独大的政党政治体制,该体制在国家治理的体系、过程和结果方面都发挥了作用。首先,新加坡政党政治体制嵌入国家治理体系,表现为各政党的组织体系进入了国会、政府、选区和社区。其中人民行动党占据了最主要的位置和地位,其它小党在国会中只有少数席位,并在选区与社区中扎根。其次,新加坡政党政治体制在国家治理过程中发挥了作用,具体表现为各政党在动议、决策、执行三个环节发挥作用。其中人民行动党是公共议题的主要提出者,也是最主要的决策者,并且因为处于执政地位而在执行过程中发挥最大的作用。其它小党防止了人民行动党在国家治理过程中的一党专断,有效发挥了监督制衡作用。最后,新加坡政党政治体制对国家治理结果也发挥了作用,主要体现在公共福利的供给、公共安全的保障和社会公正的维护等方面。其中人民行动党因为处于执政地位所发挥的作用最大,但小党为增进公共福利、减少政府祸患、促进种族和谐、维护社会稳定也贡献了重要力量。对新加坡的研究表明,一国的政党政治体制对其国家治理是有作用的,这种作用以政党政治体制嵌入国家治理体系为前提,通过国家治理过程发挥出来,最终表现在国家治理的结果中。这一研究有助于突破国家治理的研究视角和领域,也有助于启发一国通过改善政党政治体制来构建良好的国家治理体系,从而实现有效的国家治理。

【Abstract】 Since the third plenary session of the 18 th CPC central committee set "promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity" as the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform,national governance has become a hot topic in the political circle,and the convening of the fourth plenary session of the 19 th CPC central committee has pushed this topic to a new round of upsurge.In the era of party politics,it has long been a common phenomenon for political parties to govern the country.In most countries,there are two or more political parties,which interact with each other to form a certain party political system.This makes the focus on the national governance of a country cannot be separated from the political party system of the country,and the role of the political party system of a country in national governance is worth studying.There are more than two hundred countries and regions in the world today.As Singapore has remarkable national governance results and unique political party system,it is typical and feasible to select Singapore as a case study.National governance is a fresh topic,lacking a ready-made theoretical analysis framework.The political system analysis has a certain relation with this,which can be used for reference,thus forming an analytical framework about the system,process and result of national governance.Singapore has formed a political party political system with a one-party dominance of the People ’s Action Party,which has played a role in the system,process and results of national governance.First of all,the political system of Singapore ’s political parties is embedded in the national governance system,which is manifested by the organization of various political parties entering the parliament,government,constituency and community.Among them,the People ’s Action Party occupies the most important position and status.Other small parties have only a few seats in the Congress and take root in the constituency and community.Second,the political system of Singapore ’s political parties has played a role in the process of national governance,which is manifested by the role of various political parties in the three links of motion,decision-making and implementation.Among them,the People ’s Action Party is the main proposer of public issues and the most important decision-maker,and because of its ruling position,it plays the largest role in the implementation process.Other small parties have prevented one-party arbitrariness in the process of state governance and effectively played a role in supervision and checks and balances.Finally,Singapore ’s political party system also played a role in the results of national governance,mainly reflected in the provision of public welfare,the protection of public safety and the maintenance of social justice.Among them,the People ’s Action Party has played the most important role because of its ruling position,but the small party has also contributed to promoting public welfare,reducing government scourge,promoting racial harmony,and maintaining social stability.The study of Singapore shows that the party political system of a country plays a role in its national governance,which is manifested in the results of national governance through the process of national governance on the premise that the party political system is embedded in the national governance system.This research is helpful to break through the research perspective and field of national governance and inspire a country to build a good national governance system and realize effective national governance by improving the political party system.

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