【作者】 陈玲；

【导师】 习晓明；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 网络谣言作为自媒体时代的产物,比传统谣言传播速度更快、传播范围更广、社会危害更大。国内学者多从心理学、传播学、和社会学等视角出发,分析网络谣言的产生、传播、社会危害及治理对策,缺乏对谣言话语本体的研究。批评话语分析作为当代语言学研究的一个新兴分支,其采取批评的视角,关注语言与社会之间的关系,旨在揭示话语中隐含的意识形态和权力关系以及语言对社会过程的介入作用。目前,批评话语分析研究对象集中于新闻话语、政治话语,缺乏对其他类型语篇的研究。结合两方面的研究需要,本文采用批评话语分析视角对网络谣言进行深入研究。批评语言学者Fairclough认为,任何话语都是文本,话语实践,社会实践的三维统一体,这表明话语不仅是具有语言特征的静态文本,也是包含说话、传话、听话的话语实践活动,还是具有社会影响的社会实践活动。其强调,话语分析不能只停留于解构话语表面意义,还应挖掘说话人的话语动机与目的,并联系说话人的社会地位及所处的社会语境,深入社会结构进行探讨。本研究选取“曾轶可首都机场遭刁难”这则微博谣言为语料,以Fairclough的话语分析三维模式为总框架,在Halliday的系统功能语法的指导下对所选谣言进行批评话语分析,并致力于解决以下问题:(1)该谣言的语篇特征有哪些?其表达了什么样的意义?(2)该谣言的社会成因是什么?该谣言造成的社会危害有哪些?基于话语分析三维模式,本研究涉及描写、阐释与解释三个步骤。在文本维度,采取定性与定量分析相结合的方法对该谣言语篇的及物性结构及词汇选择进行描写,以解构谣言话语意义;在话语实践维度,对该谣言的造谣、传谣、信谣过程进行阐释,并揭露造谣者的动机与目的;在社会实践维度,解释该谣言的社会成因及社会危害。通过对所选谣言语料进行综合分析后得出以下结论:首先,该谣言语篇包含物质过程,心理过程,关系过程和言语过程,涉及到民警和该歌手的行动,心理活动,属性特征及言语活动。其中,物质过程中含有大量以民警为施动者的小句,且受动者均为此歌手,凸显了警察的强势地位以及歌手所受到的压迫;关系过程里所描述的对象为民警,所使用的形容词多为负面消极的,体现了民警蛮不讲理,滥用职权;言语过程中的发话主体多为民警,歌手扮演着受话人角色,暗示了民警在沟通中存在话语霸权。从词汇选择来看,文中与该歌手有联系的词多为中性词汇,而用来描述民警的词多为贬义词汇。由此可见,该歌手作为造谣者,其对警察的态度是消极的,并运用各种语言手段在大众心中构建起警察负面形象与自身完美受害者形象。其次,该谣言是社会经济文化发展所导致阶层矛盾凸显的产物。谣言经由互联网进行大肆传播,导致公众听信谣言,在激化阶层矛盾的同时,损害了政府公信力并维护了名人明星网络话语霸权。本文为网络谣言研究提供了语言学路径,并拓展了批评话语分析领域。并且,本研究揭露了谣言的本质,提高大众对谣言的危害性认识,并培养其批评性阅读意识,有助于抑制网络谣言传播。然而,本研究仍存在局限性。本文所选语料具有单一性,所反映出的社会问题不够广泛,亟待学者作出更全面的研究,以揭露更多的社会问题,有益于治理网络谣言。更多还原

【Abstract】 Internet rumors,as the product of the We-media era,have negative impacts on our daily life.Compared with traditional rumors,Internet rumors spread faster and more widely,and are more destructive to our society.Domestic scholars have conducted researches on Internet rumors from the perspectives of Psychology,Communication,and Sociology to analyze the production,circulation,social harm and control countermeasures of Internet rumors,but there are few researches on the rumor discourse.Critical discourse analysis(CDA),as a new branch of modern linguistics,takes a critical perspective to explore the relationship between language and society,aiming to reveal ideology and power relations hidden in discourse.Up to now,the objects of CDA have focused on News discourse and Political discourse,with a lack of research on other types of discourse.In need of making a comprehensive study of Internet rumors and expanding the field of CDA,this thesis conducts a critical discourse analysis of Internet rumors.As a critical linguist,Fairclough stated that any discourse is a threedimensional unity of the text,discursive practice and social practice,which indicates that discourse is not only a static text with linguistic features,but also a discursive practice involving discourse production,distribution and consumption,as well as a social practice with social impacts.This emphasizes that discourse analysis cannot just stop at the deconstruction of semantic meaning of the text,but includes the exploration of speaker’s motivation and intention,and involves the discussion of social structures concerning with the speaker’s social identity.Based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model and guided by Halliday’s systemic-functional grammar,this study analyzes the rumor produced by a singer and aims to solve the following questions:1)What are the linguistic features of the selected rumor? What meanings do they convey?2)What are the social determinants of the rumor? What social harm has it caused?Corresponding to the three-dimensional model of discourse analysis,this study involves three stages: description of the linguistic features,interpretation of the productive and interpretative processes,and explanation of social conditions.In the dimension of text,by both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the transitivity system and lexical choice of rumor discourse,the semantic meaning of the selected rumor is deconstructed.In the dimension of discursive practice,the productive and interpretative processes of the rumor are interpreted,and the intention of rumormonger is revealed.In the dimension of social practice,the social determinants and social harm caused by the rumor are explained.From the analysis of the selected rumor,the major findings are as follows.First,the rumor involves material process,mental process,relational process and verbal process,related to the singer and the policeman’s actions,psychological activities,attributes and speeches.Material processes of the rumor show that there are a large number of clauses in which the actors are the policeman and the goals are the singer,which emphasizes the inequality between the policeman and the singer,and the policeman’s oppression to the singer.Relational processes of the rumor imply that the adjectives used to describe the attributes of the policeman are negative,which reflects that the policeman is unreasonable and abuses power.Verbal processes of the rumor infer that the policeman always plays the role of sayer while the singer always plays the role of receiver,suggesting that the policeman has discourse hegemony in the communication.In addition,the words related to the singer are mostly neutral words,while the words used to describe the policeman are mostly negative words.As the rumormonger,the singer’s attitude towards the police is negative,and she employed various linguistic devices to construct a negative image of the police and an ideal victim image of herself in the public’s mind.Then,the rumor is the product of the contradictions between social classes caused by the development of economy and culture.The wide spread of this rumor on the Internet has led a large number of netizens to consume it,which not only intensifies contradictions between social classes,but also damages government’s credibility and sustains celebrities’ discourse hegemony on the Internet.This thesis provides a linguistic approach to studying Internet rumors and expands the research field of critical discourse analysis.Moreover,this study reveals the essence of rumors,improves the public’s understanding of rumors,and raises their awareness of critical reading,which contributes to inhibiting the spread of Internet rumors.However,there are limitations of this study.This study selects a rumor for analysis and the social problems reflected are not in a wide range.For further study,comprehensive researches on Internet rumors in this field are suggested to reveal more social problems for the governance of Internet rumors.更多还原