【作者】 杨艳；

【导师】 高新才； 童长凤；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 应用经济学·区域经济学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 新时期,我国城乡收入差距问题依然严峻,它关乎社会和谐稳定。缩小城乡收入差距,实现居民收入分配公平,使全国人民共享改革发展成果已然成为新时期的重要内容。各国实践经验也表明,产业结构升级是缩小城乡收入差距的重要手段。而且,产业结构升级影响城乡收入差距的过程中,人力资本发挥着重要的调节作用,这也得到大量实证研究证实。但是,已有研究中关于产业结构升级如何作用于城乡收入差距,以及人力资本在其中如何发挥作用,这三者的相互作用机制并不清楚。因此,本文试图将三者放在一个分析框架中,从人力资本调节视角,探究产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的影响。基于此,论文首先系统梳理了产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的作用机理,然后从人力资本存量、分布结构、内部结构(质量)三个维度细化考察了人力资本在其中的调节作用,并提出相关理论假设。本文认为,产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的影响存在阶段性,即在产业结构升级早期,资本、技术等要素资源在城市集中,城镇集聚效应占主导,农村剩余劳动力在劳动力市场劣势更明显,人力资本在数量、结构、质量上与产业结构不匹配,可能会引起就业结构偏离进而带来一系列结构性失业问题,从而会加剧城乡收入差距;但到后期,随着人力资本水平提升、人力资本结构的优化升级,产业结构逐步向服务化趋势过渡,产业结构升级缩减城乡收入差距的作用便将逐步发挥出来。论文以全国30个省市区2004-2017年面板数据,构建调节效应模型,以人力资本为调节变量,采用分层次逐步回归方法,分别实证分析了产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的主效应,及人力资本存量、分布结构、内部结构(质量)三个维度在其中的具体调节方式和程度。立足不同地区产业结构发展,人力资本水平差异,对比分析了东、中、西部地区产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的影响差异,及人力资本调节作用的差异。研究表明:(1)全国层面看,现阶段产业结构升级会扩大城乡收入差距,且人力资本三个维度指标均在其中起到一定调节作用。其中人力资本存量提升及城乡人力资本分布不平衡均会强化产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的扩大作用,而人力资本内部结构的优化则会抑制产业结构升级扩大城乡收入差距。(2)从区域层面看,各地区产业结构升级的城乡收入分配效应存在差异。现阶段东部地区产业结构升级会缩小城乡收入差距,而中、西部地区产业结构升级则会扩大城乡收入差距,其中以西部地区最为显著。(3)此外人力资本三个维度指标对产业结构升级的收入分配效应的调节作用也存在空间差异性。东部地区现阶段人力资本存量提升及城乡人力资本分布不平衡抑制了产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的缩减作用,而人力资本内部结构优化则起到倒U型非线性调节作用。中部地区人力资本存量提升和内部结构优化则会抑制产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的扩大作用,而城乡人力资本分布不平衡则会加剧这种作用。西部地区人力资本存量提升会抑制产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的扩大作用,而城乡人力资本分布不平衡及内部结构优化则会放大这种作用。(4)从人力资本具体类型看,在产业结构升级影响城乡收入分配机制中,全国及中部地区高级创新型人力资本不具有显著调节作用,东部地区则起到非线性的倒U型调节作用,而西部地区具有负向的消极效应。全国及东、中、西三个地区均支持中级技能型人力资本最终对产业结构升级的收入分配效应具有改善或促进的积极作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the new period,the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is still serious,which is related to social harmony and stability.Narrowing the income gap between urban and rural,realizing the resident income distribution fair,and making the achievement of reform and development Shared by all the people have become an important part of the new era.The practical experience of various countries has shown that industrial structure upgrading is the important measure to narrow the urban-rural income gap,and human capital plays an important role of regulation in the mechanism of industrial structure upgrading effect on urban-rural income gap.A great amount of empirical studies have also proved the conclusions.But in previous studies,how industrial structure upgrading to act on the urban-rural income gap,and how human capital to play their regulatory role,the mechanisms of interactions between them are not yet clear.Therefore,this paper attempts to put three into an analytical framework,and thus from the perspective of human capital regulation to study the relationship between the industrial structure upgrading and urban-rural income gap.Based on this,this paper firstly systematically reviews the mechanism of industrial structure upgrading on urban-rural income gap,and the article deals with a detailed research on the regulating effect of human capital from three aspects: the stock,distribution structure and internal structure(quality)of human capital,then the paper brings forward relevant theoretical hypotheses.The article suggests that the influence of industrial structure upgrading on urban-rural income gap exist stage features:namely,in the early stages of the industrial structure upgrading,capital,technology and other element resources are concentrated in cities;urban agglomeration effects dominate;rural surplus labor’s disadvantage in the labor market is more apparent;the mismatch between the quantity,structure,quality of humancapital and industrial structure,may cause a series of structural unemployment problems with the employment structure deviation,all those above will increase the income gap between urban and rural areas.But in the later period,along with the enhancement of human capital,the optimization and upgrading of the human capital structure,industrial structure upgrading will play a role in reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas.Based on the panel data of 30 provinces during2004-2017,taking the human capital as adjustment variable,the article establishes a regulation model,and does empirical research to analyzes the main impact of industrial structure upgrading on the urban-rural income gap and the specific regulating effect and degree of human capital in which from three aspects: the stock,distribution structure and internal structure(quality)of human capital by using hierarchical regression method.Finally,based on the differences of the industrial structure upgrading and human capital in different regions,the paper analyzes and contrast the differences of industrial structure upgrading effect on urban-rural income gap and the regulation of the human capital.The research shows that :(1)At the national level,the industrial structure upgrading will enlarge the income gap between urban and rural areas at this stage,and the three latitude indexes of human capital all play a certain regulating role in which.The improvement of human capital stock and the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural human capital will strengthen the expanding role of industrial structure upgrading in urban-rural income gap,while the optimization of internal structure of human capital will inhibit the expanding effect.(2)At the regional level,the effect of industrial structure upgrading in urban and rural income gap exists differences in different regions.At present,the upgrading of industrial structure in the eastern region is conducive to narrowing the urban-rural income gap,while the upgrading of industrial structure in the central and western regions will widen the urban-rural income gap,especially in the western region.(3)In addition,the three latitude indexes of human capital in which the industrial structure upgrading affects the urban-rural income gap has shown obvious spatial heterogeneity.At present,the improvement of human capital stock and the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural human capital in the eastern region have inhibited the industrial structure upgrading to reduce the urban-rural income gap,while the internal structure optimization of human capital plays an inverted U-shaped nonlinear regulatory role.The improvement of human capital stock and internal structure optimization in the central region will restrain theexpansion effect of industrial structure upgrading on urban-rural income gap,while the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural human capital will aggravate this effect.The improvement of human capital stock in western region will restrain the expansion effect of industrial structure upgrading on urban-rural income gap,while the imbalance of urban and rural human capital distribution and internal structure optimization will amplify this effect.(4)From the perspective of specific types of human capital,in the mechanism of the impact of industrial structure upgrading on urban-rural income distribution,the high-level innovative human capital in China and the central region does not play a significant regulating role,while the eastern region plays a nonlinear inverted U-shaped regulating role,while the western region has a negative effect.And the country and the eastern,central and western regions all support the intermediate skilled human capital to ultimately improve or promote the income distribution effect of industrial structure upgrading.更多还原