【作者】 郑宇；

【导师】 牛文斌；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 结构色微球是一种无角度依赖性的结构色材料,在传感、显示等领域具有独特的应用价值。磁性粒子可以在磁场控制下定向运动并具有磁热效应等特性,将磁性粒子引入到结构色微球中能够赋予微球多样化的功能,并极大地提升微球在医学分析与检测、微纳米马达、物质分离等方面的应用价值,具有十分重要的意义。现有的磁性结构色微球大多是通过各种单分散微球自组装而成,往往存在结构脆弱、颜色不均匀、磁性较差等缺点,这些缺陷极大地阻碍了磁性结构色微球的实际应用。针对上述问题,我们设计了一系列具有同心层状结构的新型磁性结构色微球,并通过原子层沉积（ALD）化学生长的方法在磁性Fe微球表面交替沉积Al₂O₃和ZnO薄膜,构建了上述微球。这些微球展示出了优异的稳定性、均匀艳丽的颜色以及较强的磁性。同时基于ZnO材料的多重响应特性,能够将微球用于构筑多功能传感器件。本文首先设计并制备了基于薄膜干涉的同心层状磁性结构色微球。以磁性Fe微球为内核,在其表面通过ALD化学生长的方法先沉积Al₂O₃层,再沉积ZnO层,构筑上述微球。通过调节薄膜厚度,制备出颜色分别为紫、青、绿、黄的一系列样品。随着微球表面ZnO层厚度的增加,对应的反射峰波长从433 nm增大到580 nm,最大反射率为15%左右。由于具有独特的中心对称的同心层状结构,微球的颜色十分均匀且具有角度无关特性。氧化物之间的化学作用,无机物材料的刚性以及紧密连接的层状结构使微球展示出了优异的机械稳定性、光稳定性以及耐溶剂特性。Fe内核较强的磁性赋予了微球磁控组装和运动的功能,能够在磁场控制下做出精密的定向运动,在微纳米马达领域具有广阔的前景。此外,进一步利用微球表面的ZnO材料的热释电效应和紫外响应特性,能将微球用于构筑基于单微球的微型多功能传感器件。该器件具有良好的功能性,能够对温度、呼吸、红外光、交变磁场、紫外光等进行响应,在呼吸监测、红外/紫外探测等领域具有广阔的应用前景。其次,设计并制备了基于一维光子晶体结构的同心层状磁性结构色微球。以Fe微球为内核,在磁性微球表面周期性的堆叠Al₂O₃层和ZnO层,构筑了上述微球。该微球具有角度无关且较为均匀的结构色,以及优异的机械稳定性、光稳定性和耐溶剂特性。值得注意的是,由于多层光子晶体薄膜增强了对光的反射与干涉,微球的最大反射率提高到了33%左右。优异的光学性能和机械稳定性使得基于一维光子晶体的磁性结构色微球更加适用于防伪、显示等领域。除此之外,Fe内核以及ZnO材料的热释电效应和紫外响应特性同样赋予了微球较强的磁性和多重传感特性,能够实现磁场控制下的组装和定向运动,以及对温度、呼吸、紫外光、红外光、交变磁场等物理量的检测。更多还原

【Abstract】 Structural color microspheres are angle independent structural materials.They are widely used in sensor,display and other fields.Magnetic particles have many special characters.Combining Structural color microspheres with magnetic particles will improve their value in medical detection,micro-motor and material separation.The existing magnetic photonic crystal microspheres are mostly prepared by self-assemble method.They are often with uneven color,fragile structure and weak magnetism,which limit the application of structural color microspheres.To solve these problems,Al₂O₃ and ZnO films were alternately deposited on the surface of magnetic microspheres by atomic layer deposition（ALD）to prepare concentric-layered structural color microspheres.The microspheres have stable structure,uniform color and strong magnetism.The special properties of ZnO make it possible to achieve multifunctional sensor by the microspheres.Firstly,concentric-layered magnetic structural color microspheres based on thin-film interference were prepared by ALD.Al₂O₃ and ZnO films were deposited on the surface of magnetic microspheres.The ALD cycle number of Al₂O₃ was 400 and the ALD cycle number of ZnO was 800,1000,1100 and 1200.Four kinds of sample with the color of purple,blue,green and yellow were prepared.As the thickness of ZnO lawyer increases,the wavelength of the reflection peak changes from 433 nm to 580 nm.The maximum reflectivity of the sample is 15%.The angle-resolved reflection spectra show that the color of microspheres is angle independent.The microspheres have excellent mechanical stability,their reflection spectra didn’t change after solvent soak test,particle erosion test and light aging test.It is because of the atoms in oxide film are connected by stable chemical bonds.The magnetic iron cores bring strong magnetic to the magnetic structural color microspheres.It is possible to achieve assembling and movement under the control of magnetic field.In addition,ZnO is an excellent material for multifunctional sensor.Multifunctional sensor devices were made up of the structural color microspheres.The devices have a sensitive response to temperature,breath,UV,IR and alternating magnetic field due to the photoelectric effect and pyroelectric effect of ZnO.Secondly,magnetic structural color microspheres based on 1-D photonic crystal with better Optical performance were prepared.Al₂O₃ and ZnO films were alternately deposited on the surface of magnetic microspheres to prepare photonic crystal film.The color of the magnetic structural color microspheres is uniform and angle-independent due to its special concentric-layered structure.The maximum reflectivity of the sample is 33%due to the multiple reflections by the several films,much higher than the magnetic structural color microspheres based on thin-film interference.Magnetic structural color microspheres based on 1-D photonic crystal is more suitable for sensor and display due to their excellent optical performance.Stability test,magnetic test and sensing test show that magnetic structural color microspheres based on 1-D photonic crystal also have excellent mechanical stability,Magnetic-movement characteristic and multifunctional sensor performance.The magnetic structural color microsphere can be applied in micro-motor,UV/IR detector and breath monitoring.更多还原