【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 吴麟麟；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 交通运输工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 有限的交通方式选择使得老年群体出行的机动性、便捷性和可达性往往难以得到充分的满足,这会极大影响晚年生活的幸福感,所以老年群体的出行行为研究受到了广泛关注。自动驾驶汽车作为一种新兴出行方式,能够提高老年群体出行机动性,为该群体出行状况的改善提供了可能。这一前景得以实施的前提条件在于广大老年群体是否能迅速且广泛的接受这一新兴交通方式。所以,在自动驾驶汽车大规模应用的前夕,研究老年群体对其接受行为对于未来提高老年群体出行质量具有重要意义。本文从行人和使用者两个角度,同时融合极具中国特色的―面子意识‖影响因素来研究老年人(60岁及以上)对自动驾驶汽车的认知和接受。从行人角度,本文进行了两种情景的假设,并采用有序Logistic回归分析―态度‖、―感知有用性‖、―信任‖和―感知风险‖等变量对接受自动驾驶汽车的影响,结果发现―信任‖对接受意向的影响最为显著,而―感知有用性‖的影响并不显著。方差分析发现对于行人,性别、学历、驾照拥有情况、出行频次和熟悉程度这五个变量对―态度‖、―信任‖和―感知风险‖都产生显著影响,比较有趣的发现是在老年人群体中学历高低并不会对态度、信任和感知风险会产生影响,而有无学历影响则比较显著。从使用者角度,本文采用结构方程模型探索面子意识等心理潜变量对自动驾驶接受意向的影响,使用分层回归分析研究模型解释力以及确定影响接受意向的关键因素。结果表明态度、感知有用性、感知风险和面子意识对使用意向都有显著影响,而对行人影响显著的信任对使用者影响却不显著。此外,通过中介效应检验发现,虽然信任对行为意向没有直接显著影响但是信任能够通过感知风险路径、通过感知有用性和态度路径对行为意向产生间接影响;同时,面子意识也能够通过感知风险对行为意向产生间接影响。最后,结合本文研究结果向自动驾驶汽车制造商和管理部门决策者提出一定的建议措施,致力于为有效推进老年群体对自动驾驶汽车的接受提供科学依据,同时也为解决老年人出行机动性不足的问题提供理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Finite travel modes among the elderly trigger failures on travelling motility,convenience and accessibility,which greatly affect the happiness of later life.Consequently,extensive attention has been paid to researches on travelling behavior among the elderly people.Autonomous vehicles,an emerging technology,can improve the travelling motility of this group,and provide the possibility for the elderly to improve their travel conditions.But what brings the idea into fruition is whether this group can quickly and widely accept this emerging mode.Hence,before autonomous vehicles are put into large-scale use,it is of huge importance to study the acceptance level of this newly-developing technology,and thus enhancing the travel quality of this group.Therefore,a research on acceptability of autonomous vehicle among the elderly is of great importance to satisfy the travelling demands.In addition to the angles of pedestrian and users,a special factor with Chinese characteristic—face consciousness among the elderly(60 years old and above)is innovatively taken into account in this thesis.As for pedestrian,two hypothetical scenarios are adopted,and variables including ordinal logistic regression analytical attitude,perceived usefulness,trust and perceive risk are utilized to study the acceptability toward the autonomous vehicles.The results show that trust exerts the most remarkable impact on the acceptability,and perceive usefulness under two scenarios has almost zero effect.It is found in variance analysis that five variables such as gender,education,driving license,travel frequency and degree of familiarity have a significant influence on attitude,trust and perceive risk.It is interesting finding that education degree bears no relation to latent variables but whether having a diploma comparatively counts.For users,in this thesis,the structural equation model is employed to investigate the behavioral mechanism of psychological latent variables(such as face consciousness)on the acceptance of autonomous driving.In addition,a hierarchical regression analysis is used to study the explanatory power of the model when an independent variable gradually increases from a manifest variable to a latent one,and to determine key factors affecting acceptance intention.The test results reveal that attitude,perceive usefulness,perceive risk and face consciousness have an obvious impact while trust having a big effect on pedestrian makes almost no difference on drivers.In addition,through the intermediary effect test,it is found that although trust has no direct significant effect on behavior intention,it can have an indirect effect on behavior through perceived risk path,perceived usefulness and attitude path;meanwhile,face consciousness can also influence behavior intention through perceived risk.Finally,combined with the research results of this paper,certain suggestions and measures are proposed to the autonomous vehicle companies and the decision-makers of management departments,aiming to provide scientific basis for effectively promoting the acceptance of self-driving cars by the elderly,and theoretical basis for solving the problem of insufficient mobility of the elderly.更多还原