【作者】 王飞；

【导师】 肖仁鑫； 赵聪；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 交通运输工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 纯电动汽车(Battery Electric Vehicle)是以动力电池为能量源,利用电机驱动的方式来替代传统燃油汽车,可以实现无污染、零排放,在整车的总体性能等方面接近或优于传统内燃机,其续驶里程能够满足一般行驶需求。当前日常使用的纯电动汽车多为固定速比的减速器装置,其对匹配的驱动电机要求较高,需要提供很大的储备功率而且工作时效率欠佳。且动力电池与驱动电机控制方面等关键技术问题尚未突破,导致纯电动汽车的续航里程短,安全性及舒适性、成本高等问题没有完全解决,想要提高电动汽车的续航能力的有效途径之一是对纯电动汽车动力传动系统进行合理地匹配及优化。本文是以某一小型物流电动汽车为研究对象,对其动力系统进行参数匹配、传动系速比的优化、换挡规律等重点内容加以研究,并且搭建了整车仿真试验平台,分析验证了各个关键部件的选型及优化设计的合理性,其主要具体内容如下:一、论述了纯电动汽车的基本构架和主要的关键部件;根据汽车理论知识为依据,建立驱动电机以及动力电池数学模型,以整车性能参数对其动力传动系统进行适当的选型与计算,得到该整车匹配参数初步匹配结果。二、搭建了纯电动汽车模型,包括驾驶员模块、电池模块、电机模块、逻辑换挡以及整车纵向动力学模块。通过在典型循环工况NEDC下验证整车模型的精确性,为后文动力系统参数优化匹配两种方案以及汽车的性能仿真奠定了基础。三、对纯电动汽车中驱动电机关键部件以及传动系统传动比进行优化,以整车能耗为目标函数,汽车的行驶里程需求、动力性需求为约束条件,利用遗传算法寻找全局最优解。建立动力电池寿命模型,寻求电池的最佳串并联方式;通过仿真试验对比分析优化前后单挡减速器以及两挡变速器、优化后的单挡减速器与两挡变速器的动力性和经济性。结果表明优化后的单挡减速器、两挡变速器的纯电动汽车在满足整车动力性的情况下,整车的能量消耗减少约27%,工况续驶里程提高了约9.5%。四、根据整车的性能要求,确定传动系变速方案,绘制换挡曲线,并且比较详细的阐述了经济性换挡与动力性换挡,得到了最佳经济性换挡曲线和最佳动力性换挡曲线。本研究对匹配优化纯电动汽车关键零部件参数、传动系速比以及换挡规律的设计具有重要的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 A battery electric vehicle uses a power battery as an energy source and uses a motor-driven method to replace traditional fuel vehicles.It can achieve pollution-free and zero emissions,and is close to or better than traditional internal combustion engines in terms of overall vehicle performance.Its driving range can meet the general driving needs.The battery electric vehicles currently used in daily life are mostly fixed speed ratio reducer devices,which have higher requirements for matching drive motors,need to provide a large reserve power and have poor efficiency during operation.Moreover,the key technical issues such as power battery and drive motor control have not yet been broken through,resulting in the short range of battery electric vehicles,safety,comfort,and high costs.These issues have not been fully resolved.One of the effective ways to improve the endurance of electric vehicles It is a reasonable matching and optimization of the battery electric vehicle power transmission system.This article takes a small logistics electric vehicle as the research object,studies the key content of its power system,optimizes the driveline speed ratio,shifts and other key contents,and builds a vehicle simulation test platform to analyze and verify each.The selection of key components and the rationality of the optimized design are as follows:First,basic structure and main key components of a battery electric vehicle are discussed;based on the theoretical knowledge of the vehicle,a mathematical model of the drive motor and the power battery is established,and the power transmission system is appropriately selected and calculated based on the vehicle performance parameters.The preliminary matching result of the vehicle matching parameters is obtained.Second,a battery electric vehicle model was built,including driver module,battery module,motor module,logical shift,and vehicle longitudinal dynamics module.By verifying the accuracy of the whole vehicle model under the typical cycle condition NEDC,it laid the foundation for the optimization and matching of the two schemes of power system parameters and the performance simulation of the car.Third,optimize the key components of the drive motor and the transmission ratio of the drive system in a battery electric vehicle,use the energy consumption of the entire vehicle as the target function,and the mileage requirements and power requirements of the vehicle as constraints,and use genetic algorithms to find the global optimal solution.Establish the power battery life model and seek the best series-parallel connection of the battery;through the simulation test,comparatively analyze the power and economy of the optimized single-speed reducer and the two-speed transmission,the optimized single-speed reducer and the two-speed transmission.The results show that the optimized single-speed reducer and two-speed transmission battery electric vehicle can reduce the energy consumption of the entire vehicle by about 27% and increase the driving range by 9.5% under the condition of meeting the power of the entire vehicle.Fourth,according to the performance requirements of the vehicle,determine the transmission scheme of the power train,draw the shift curve,and elaborate on the economic shift and power shift in more detail,and get the best economic shift curve and the best power shift curve.This research has important reference value for the design of matching and optimizing the key component parameters of the battery electric vehicle,the transmission ratio and the shifting law.更多还原