【作者】 杨永；

【导师】 黄银国； 李涛；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 仪器仪表工程， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 光学玻璃广泛应用于日常生活、科学研究、国防军事等诸多领域,是应用最为广泛的光学材料。为满足光学玻璃功能和质量的高标准要求,就需要快速可靠地测量其几何信息。为此,本课题致力于研究一种光学玻璃平面角度测量方法,保证光学玻璃制备工艺的精度以及使用过程中的性能要求。本课题首先分析光学玻璃平面角度测量过程中可能出现的关键性难点,提出了相应的解决方案,设计了一种基于光电自准直系统与高精度转台相结合的视觉测量系统,满足大角度与小角度同时高精度测量的需求。然后基于本系统进行平行度与角度测量的理论介绍与公式推导,分析了方案的可行性。之后进行光学玻璃平面角度测量系统整体结构设计,包括光电自准直系统整体结构的设计、高精度转台整体结构的设计、硬件电路与软件系统的设计,并完成实验装置的搭建。针对自准直回像,采用两种具有较高精度的图像处理算法,并进行对比实验,选择Steger算法与最小二乘法相结合的十字光条纹中心点提取算法。最后,进行光学玻璃平面角度与平行度测试实验,完成测量角度的不确定度分析。实验结果表明,设计的光电自准直系统的X轴的最大非线性误差为0.8″,Y轴的最大非线性误差为0.4″;X轴重复性误差为0.2″,Y轴的重复性误差为0.1″。光学玻璃平面角度测量系统进行角度测量时将引入2.0″的不确定度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Optical glass is widely used in many fields such as daily life,scientific research,national defense and military affairs.It is the most widely used optical material.In order to meet the high requirements of the function and quality of optical glass,it is necessary to measure its geometric information quickly and reliably.To this end,this research is devoted to the study of an optical glass plane Angle measurement method to ensure the accuracy of optical glass preparation process and the performance requirements in the use process.In this research,the key difficulties that may occur in the optical glass plane angle measurement process were analyzed firstly,and a corresponding solution is proposed.A visual measurement system based on the photoelectric self-collimation system and high-precision turntable is designed to meet the demand of high precision measurement for both small Angle and large Angle.Then based on the theoretical introduction and formula derivation of parallelism and angle measurement based on the system,the feasibility of the scheme is analyzed.After that,the overall structural design of the optical glass plane angle measurement system was carried out,including the design of the overall structure of the photoelectric self-collimation system,the design of the highprecision turntable overall structure,the design of the hardware circuit and the software system,and the construction of the experimental device is completed.For the selfcollimated image,two image processing algorithms with higher precision are used,and the contrast experiment is carried out.The cross-light stripe center point extraction algorithm that Steger algorithm is combined with least square method is selected.Finally,the optical glass plane angle and parallelism test experiments are carried out and the uncertainty analysis of the measurement is completed.According to the results,the maximum nonlinearity error of the X-axis of the designed photoelectric self-collimation system is 0.8″,the maximum nonlinear error of the Y-axis is 0.4″;the X-axis repeatability error of the photoelectric self-collimation system is 0.2″,and the Y-axis repeatability error is 0.1″.The optical glass plane angle measurement system will introduce an uncertainty of 2.0" when performing angle measurements of optical glass.更多还原