【作者】 陈旭；

【导师】 金施群； 夏果；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 仪器仪表工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 光谱维度信息是物质本征属性之一,而光谱检测技术恰恰可以精确地检测到该本征属性,因此,它被广泛应用于科研开发、物质分析、健康医疗、反恐安全、水质监测等领域。光谱仪是进行光谱测量的有效工具,然而传统光谱仪具有一系列弊端,无法满足在线实时测量等特殊应用场景,因此,微型光谱仪已成为当今科学界研究热点之一。当前,国内外微型光谱仪及其相关产业正处于高速发展阶段,市场前景巨大。本文预先分析了光谱采样需求,随后调研并选择了合适的光学器件与电子器件,最后设计了一款性能卓越的光谱数据采集系统。该采集系统主要包括了光学结构模块、硬件驱动电路模块以及上位机分析软件模块,本文重点研究了硬件电路模块和上位机软件模块。其中,硬件电路模块包含传感器驱动、信号处理与缓存以及信号传输与通信等三个部分。在该模块中,本文依据实际测量需求,选取了合适的FPGA芯片与CCD传感器,并完成了各芯片及其外围驱动电路的设计、仿真与开发。开发了USB、UART以及SPI三个通信端口,提升了数据传输的多样性,拓展了本款光谱采集系统的应用范围,为手持拉曼检测仪等相关设备的研发工作奠定了稳固的实践基础。在上位机软件模块中,不仅实现了光谱数据的实时显示与存储,还添加了平均平滑降噪、非线性校正以及波长定标等光谱数据预处理功能,在一定程度上弥补了底层硬件的固有缺陷。通过大量的实验测量与验证,综合评估了该微型光谱采集系统的各项技术参数指标。实验结果表明,USB端口最大信号传输速度可达36MB/S,数据丢包率和误码率极低。在算法优化方面,非线性校正效果显著,经校正后,系统的非线性度小于0.5%。波长定标功能正常,定标后误差仅为0.33nm。整机的信噪比优于300:1,边缘波长处的光谱分辨率为1.54nm,中心波长附近处的光谱分辨率高达1.27nm,完全满足不同应用领域下的使用需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spectral dimension information is one of the intrinsic properties of substances,and spectral detection technology can precisely detect the intrinsic properties,so it has been widely used in scientific research and development,material analysis,health care,anti-terrorist security,water quality monitoring and other fields.Spectrometer is an effective tool for spectral measurement.However,the traditional spectrometer has a series of disadvantages,which cannot meet the needs of online real-time measurement and other special application scenarios.Therefore,the micro-spectrometer has become one of the hot spots in the current scientific research.At present,the domestic and foreign micro-spectrometer and its related industries are in the stage of rapid development,the market prospects are huge.In this paper,the spectral sampling requirements are analyzed in advance,and then researched and selected the appropriate optical device and electronic device.Finally,a spectral data acquisition system with excellent performance is designed.The acquisition system mainly includes optical structure module,hardware driver circuit module and upper computer analysis software module.This paper focuses on the hardware circuit module and upper computer software module.The hardware circuit module includes three parts: sensor driver,signal processing and cache,and signal transmission and communication.In this module,the appropriate FPGA chip and CCD sensor are selected according to the actual measurement requirements,and the design,simulation and development of each chip and its peripheral drive circuit are completed.The three communication ports of USB,UART and SPI are developed to improve the diversity of data transmission,expand the application scope of this spectrum acquisition system,and lay a solid practical foundation for the research and development of handheld Raman spectrometer and other related devices.In the upper computer software module,it not only realizes the real-time display and storage of spectral data,but also adds the spectral data preprocessing functions such as average smooth noise reduction,nonlinear correction and wavelength calibration,which to some extent makes up for the inherent defects of the underlying hardware.Through a large number of experimental measurements and verifications,the technical parameters of the micro-spectral acquisition system are comprehensively evaluated.The experimental results show that the maximum signal transmission speed of USB port can reach 36MB/S,and the data packet loss rate and bit error rate are very low.In the aspect of algorithm optimization,the nonlinear correction effect is remarkable,and the nonlinear degree of the system is less than 0.5% after correction.The wavelength calibration function is normal,and the error after calibration is only 0.33 nm.The SNR of the whole machine is better than 300:1,the spectral resolution at the edge wavelength is 1.54 nm,and the spectral resolution near the center wavelength is as high as 1.27 nm,which fully meets the requirements of different application fields.更多还原