【作者】 刘玲；

【导师】 李卫飞；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 中国史， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着古镇旅游的兴起,旅游地的外来经营者作为旅游地的重要组成部分,对旅游地的发展发挥着越来越重要的作用,因而得到越来越多学者的关注。外来经营者作为旅游地的外来人口,面临本地文化、游客文化和原有文化三种文化的冲击,必然会经历一个从不适应到适应的过程。为了更清晰地认识外来经营者在面临这三种文化的适应情况,作者尝试对文化适应理论和个人建构理论进行总结和分析,并以Kelly的个人建构理论为切入点,运用访谈法收集数据,运用积贮网格分析法对访谈结果和数据进行分析和研究,试图从一个全新的视角对外来经营者进行研究,并分析影响其适应情况的原因。本文选取Berry的文化适应概念,借鉴Black的“三维说”理论,将文化适应划分为工作适应、生活适应和人际交往适应三个维度（Black,1991）^[1],从工作、生活和人际交往三个层面来研究外来经营者的文化适应情况。总体而言,外来经营者对游客文化与本地文化的适应水平都较高。相较之下,外来经营者对游客的整体文化适应水平更高,其中对游客工作方面的适应水平最高。凤凰古城外来经营者的文化适应水平受到许多因素的影响。外部因素包括文化距离,内部因素则包括个性特征、民族中心主义、经营活动的对象等。研究发现,外来经营者在凤凰古城文化适应的过程中所采取的文化适应策略有四类,即整合、同化、分离和边缘化。外来经营者采取的不同文化适应策略会导致不同的文化适应结果。具体来看,运用不同文化适应策略的受访者文化适应程度不同。采取融合策略的外来经营者文化适应情况最佳,采取边缘化策略的外来经营者文化适应情况最差,采取分离策略的外来经营者文化适应状况中等,采取同化策略的外来经营者文化适应状况次于分离策略。从研究结论中可以了解凤凰古城外来经营者个体的文化适应状态和影响其文化适应状态的因素。对外来经营者团体进行规范,有利于旅游目的地的有序发展。对于协调外来经营者与本地居民、旅游者等各方利益,提高旅游者的满意度和旅游地的长远发展具有不可忽视的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rise of tourism in ancient towns,non-local owners of tourist destinations,as an important part of tourist destinations,play an increasingly important role in the development of tourist destinations,and thus have attracted more and more scholars’attention.As a foreign population in tourist destinations,non-local owners face the impact of local culture and tourist culture and their own original culture,and will inevitably experience a process from not adapting to adapting.In order to more clearly understand the adaptation situation of non-local owners facing these three cultures,the author attempts to summarize and analyze the acculturation theory and Personal Construct Psychology,and uses Kelly’s Personal Construct Psychology as an entry point to collect data using interviews.Use the repertory grid technique to analyze and research the interview results and data,try to study non-local owners from a new perspective,construct a model of acculturation of non-local owners and analyze the reasons that affect their adaptation.This article selects Berry’s concept of acculturation and draws on Black’s"three-dimensional theory"to divide cultural adaptation into three dimensions:daily adaptation,work adaptation and communicative adaptation^[1].Generally speaking,the adaptability of non-local owners to tourist culture and local culture is relatively high.In contrast,non-local owners have a higher level of overall acculturation to tourists,with the highest level of adaptation to tourist work.The study found that there are many factors that affect the acculturation of non-local owners.External factors include cultural distance,personality traits,etc.,internal factors include language barriers,ethnocentrism,business activities,etc.Through further analysis of the data of the interview results,it is found that there are four types of acculturation strategies adopted by non-local owners in the process of acculturation in Phoenix Ancient City,namely integration,assimilation,separation,and marginalization.Different acculturation strategies adopted by non-local owners will lead to different acculturation results.From the conclusion of the study,we can understand the acculturation state of individual non-local owners in the ancient city of Phoenix.Regulating non-local owners groups is conducive to the orderly development of tourist destinations.It is of great significance to coordinate the interests of non-local owners,local residents and tourists,and to improve the satisfaction of tourists and the long-term development of tourist destinations.更多还原