【作者】 张晶；

【导师】 刘松茯；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑历史与理论， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 MVRDV是当今国际建筑舞台上最为活跃的先锋建筑师组合之一,他们的建筑创作密切结合了荷兰高密度的地域国情,反映了生态的时代发展主题,紧随当今世界发展紧缩城市与高密度建筑的潮流。MVRDV在面对人口暴增、资源紧缺、环境恶化等城市和社会的发展现状,将其转为建筑密度问题进行探索研究,并将对建筑未来发展的建设性思考融入其中。因此对他们建筑创作理念进行研究,既体现了当代地域建筑创作的创新性思考和特色,又展现了当今国际建筑潮流发展的前沿动态,具有重要的研究意义。本文以“致密化”作为关键词,高度概括MVRDV主体建筑创作理念,即在有限条件下扩大建筑的空间容量和功能容量,同时保障建筑使用的舒适度和环境品质。采用文献研究、案例分析、跨学科交叉及系统分析等方法,对MVRDV建筑创作下的致密化理念进行全面解读。MVRDV建筑创作的致密化理念形成与荷兰地域的多方面因素密切相关。首先,荷兰地少人多和低地沿海的地理环境、勤劳质朴、开拓进取的民族品格、理性务实的国家传统文化底蕴都为其致密化理念形成和发展产生了十分深厚的影响;其次,荷兰社会环境所具有的高度包容性和接纳力为MVRDV的建筑创作提供了自由发展的创新空间。良好的协同工作方式、开放的创作环境氛围及紧跟时代建筑发展潮流变化的积极态度开拓了他们的创作思维和创作视野。另外,三位建筑师在荷兰代尔夫特大学接受的超脱形式建筑教育和荷兰建筑界前辈库哈斯所提倡的“拥挤文化”都对MVRDV的创作思想带来了较大的影响。在事务所成立后,他们以密度问题作为研究重点,逐渐形成了“密度极限”建筑哲学观,为其建筑创作指明了前进方向。基于荷兰地域多重影响的致密化理念下,MVRDV在实践创作中运用了富有创见的创作手法。从功能群聚、空间高效运行及形体紧凑集约的角度向更高更密的方向探索建筑发展的可能性。通过多样功能的集中层叠,居住模式混合紧凑、附属功能弱化并置等来产生物质与非物质的集聚效应;通过扩充加建旧有空间、附加立体化的绿化空间、利用反弓折板充分耦合使用空间、以及增加集聚人群的社交庭院等方式对空间进行高效利用;通过对众多形体群块竖向堆叠、翻转、抬升、斜切等形体操作方式集约场地的资源空间。MVRDV的建筑作品通过致密化理念和丰富手法支撑下获得个性明朗的物化表达,在形体及空间形态上展现了一些鲜明的特征。以简化的元素如方盒子、简洁符号、透明玻璃及色彩等衍生出看似复杂却充满逻辑的外在形体,从而表现出了盒塔、像素化、失重感、立面的剖面化和多彩化等外观特征。以注入更充实的功能空间内容,使内部形态呈现出多元交融的状态,具体表现在虚空间的内外开放性、多功能实体空间的灵活紧凑、斜面或曲面围合的异形空间的自由流动感。另外实现与生态、环境及文脉等诸多要素的有机联系和协调平衡,也是成为其致密化理念表达的一个重要环节。自然环境的互融性、人文场景的延续性及新型生态材料塑造表皮的精巧性等建筑技艺特征都很好诠释了致密化理念中的建筑品质的附加值内涵。在最后结论部分全面总结了MVRDV事务所致密化理念的地域性影响因素、其理念下作品所采用的创见性演绎手法和前卫奇特的建筑特征。他们的建筑创作整体体现了对当下城市建筑发展现状的前瞻性思考和未来建筑多种可能性的积极探索,以较为全面、系统、客观的研究成果为这个时代建筑创作发展提供新视角、新方法、新思路,对我国的建筑创作也具有重要指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 MVRDV is one of the most active pioneering architects on the international architectural stage.Their architectural creations closely combine the high-density regional conditions of the Netherlands with the theme of ecological development,Keeping up with the trend of shrinking cities and high-density buildings in today’s world.In the face of the current situation of urban and social development such as population explosion,resource shortage,environmental degradation,etc.it will be transformed into building density issues for exploration and research,and will incorporate constructive thinking on the future development of the building.Therefore,the research on their architectural creation concept not only reflects the innovative thinking and characteristics of contemporary regional architectural creation,but also shows the frontier dynamics of today’s international architectural trend development,which has important research significance.This article uses “densification” as the key word,and highly summarizes the main building creation concept of the MVRDV,which expands the space and functional capacity of the building under the limited conditions,while ensuring the comfort and environmental quality of the building.Depending on literature research,case analysis,interdisciplinary crossover and systematic analysis,the author fully investigate the concept of densification under MVRDV architectural creation.The formation of the concept of densification of MVRDV architectural creation is closely related to many aspects of the Dutch region.First of all,the geographical environment,industrious simplicity,pioneering national character,and rational and pragmatic national traditional cultural heritage of the Netherlands and the lowland coastal areas have had a profound impact on the formation and development of the concept of densification.Secondly,the Dutch society The high degree of inclusiveness and acceptance of the environment provides a free and innovative space for MVRDV’s architectural creation.A good working style,an open creative environment and a positive attitude that closely follows the changing trend of the architectural development of the times have opened up their creative thinking and creative vision.In addition,the “overcrowded culture” advocated by the three architects at the University of Delft in the Netherlands and the “crowded culture” advocated by the Dutch architects Kuhas have had a great influence on the creation of MVRDV.After the establishment of the firm,they focused on the density issue and gradually formed the “density limit” architectural philosophy,which pointed out the direction of its architectural creation.Based on the concept of densification of multiple influences in the Netherlands,MVRDV uses creative ideas in practical creation.Exploring the possibility of building development from a functional cluster,space efficient operation and compact and compact shape to a higher and denser direction.In the specific operation,through the centralized cascading of various functions,the compact combination of residential modes and the weakening of the auxiliary functions to produce the agglomeration effect of matter and non-material;by expanding and adding old space,adding three-dimensional green space,using the anti-bow The folding plate is fully coupled with the use of space,and the social courtyard of the crowded people is used to effectively utilize the space;the resource space of the site is intensively formed by the vertical stacking,flipping,lifting,beveling and the like of the plurality of shaped body blocks.The architectural works of MVRDV have obtained a clear and materialized expression under the support of the densification concept and rich techniques,and show some distinct features in the form and space form.The simplified elements,such as square boxes,simple symbols,transparent glass and color,are derived from the seemingly complex but logical external form,which shows the box tower,pixelation,weightlessness,profile and colorful of the facade.And other appearance features.Injecting more substantial functional space content,the internal form presents a state of multiple blending,which is embodied in the openness of the interior and exterior of the virtual space,the flexible and compact multi-functional physical space,and the free flow of the shaped space enclosed by the bevel or curved surface.In addition,the organic connection and coordination between the ecological,environmental and cultural factors are also an important part of the concept of densification.The architectural characteristics of the integration of the natural environment,the continuity of the human scene and the exquisiteness of the skin shaped by the new ecological materials are a good interpretation of the added value of the architectural quality in the concept of densification.In the final conclusion,the paper comprehensively summarizes the regional influence factors of MVRDV’s concept of densification,the creative interpretation techniques used in the works and the avant-garde architectural features.Their architectural creations reflect the forward-looking thinking on the current development of urban architecture and the active exploration of the possibilities of future architecture.With a more comprehensive,systematic and objective research results,it provides a new perspective and new method for the development of architectural creation in this era.New ideas have important guiding significance for the architectural creation of our country.更多还原