【作者】 杜旭；

【导师】 史立刚；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑学（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 国家有关建设体育强国、改革足球发展等文案的出台以及2023年亚洲杯的举办,标志着我国体育产业正在向着更大、更活、更优的方向发展,也标志着以足球产业为代表的竞技体育产业正在向更好、更快、更高、更强的目标靠近。尤其是在健康中国国家战略背景下,传统健康理念被刷新,全民健康和体育运动的关系被重新定义,竞技赛场的观赏舒适性逐渐受到重视。在我国寒冷地区,足球比赛及观赛环境受自然条件影响很大,尤其是在寒冷赛季,露天足球场的环境质量基本不能满足联赛需求,球队打“客场”赛的不利局面亟待扭转。从活动周期、使用频率、参与人数、经济效益等角度看,专业足球场地的使用较田径运动场地略胜一筹,降低环境压力对球场使用效率的限制举足轻重。而且,当长期处于低温环境中时,人们对风速变化的感受极为敏锐,过量的风甚至会威胁到观众的安全,因此亟需对我国寒冷地区的风环境进行精细化研究。本文将专业足球场观众区的风环境作为研究内容,为得到适用于本文的风环境评价体系,选取天津市为我国寒冷地区代表城市,于2018年10-11月在该市部分地区进行调研,通过数据的汇总和整理,对室外相关活动风速范围进行界定,得到我国寒冷地区低温条件下的风环境舒适度参考标准。为验证CFD实验平台的可靠性,本文选择哈尔滨会展中心体育场为实测地点,将模拟实验与实测结果进行对比,确定使用的模拟实验中心处理器为Fluent 17.0,前处理器为ICEM CFD 17.0,后处理器为Tecplot 360 EX 2014 R1。为得到适用的足球场模型,对国内外专业足球场的空间容量进行对比分析,并确定本文模拟容量为30 000座左右。最后,本文将影响观众区风环境的落脚点选定为专业足球场界面形态的通透率,对专业足球场坐席内界面的孔隙率分别为2%、4%、6%;侧围护界面的空隙率分别为100%、50%、20%以及顶部罩棚与坐席之间的通透性分别为85%、50%、0的变量进行了27组模拟实验,并使用udf程序,在处理器中导入了城市梯度风和湍流模型文件,使模拟状态更接近于实际情况。通过对照多组实验的风速比图、风速等值线图和矢量图,以平均风速、最大风速、满场风速差值及人体容忍系数为评价依据,从观众观赛舒适度角度对实验结果进行分析比较,分别总结了单一变量形态和组合变量形态对观众区风环境的影响作用,为我国寒冷地区专业足球场界面形态的优化提供了新的设计策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 The country’s promulgation about the construction of sports country,reform of football development,implementation of Healthy China,etc.and the Asian Cup in 2023 make China’s sports industry is developing towards a bigger,livelier and better direction,which also indicates that the competitive sports industry represented by football industry is approching the goal of better,faster,higher and stronger.Especially,the healthy China strategy has refreshed the traditional concept of health and redefined the relationship between national health and sports.Thereupon,the viewing comfort of the competitive arena has gradually received more and more attention.In cold regions in China,the football match and the viewing environment are greatly affected by the natural conditions.Especially in the cold season,the open-air football field can not meet the needs of the league and the team’s bad situation in "away" games needs to be reversed.The use of professional football stadiums is slightly better than that of track and field stadiums from the perspectives of activity cycle,frequency of use,number of participants,and economic benefits,etc..So,reducing environmental pressureis critical to optimize the audience area environment.More importantly,when it is in a low temperature environment for a long time,people are more sensitive to the change of wind speed.Excessive wind may even threaten the people’s safety.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out refined research on theprofessional football stadium audience area wind environment in the cold season.The objective in this paper is the audience area wind environment of the professional football stadium.In order to obtain the wind environment evaluation system applicable to this paper,Tianjin was selected as the representative city in cold regions of China to conduct research in some areas at the October and November in 2018.Through the data collection,the wind speed range of outdoor related activities was defined and the wind environment comfort reference standard in cold regions of China was obtained under low temperature conditions.This paper took the harbin Convention and Exhibition Center stadium as the actual measurement site,compared the simulation experiment results with the experimental results,verified the credibility of the CFD simulation experimental platform.And then the Fluent 17.0 was selected as the experimental platform,the ICEM CFD 17.0 was the pre-processor,the Tecplot 360 EX 2014 R1 was the post-processor.Based on the analyze of the space capacity of the established professional football stadiums,the experimental model of the professional football stadium in this paper is around 30 000 seats.Finally,the point affecting the wind environment of the audience area was selected as the permeability of the interface of the professional football stadium andthe variable conditions in the interface permeability in the professional football stadiumare 2%,4%,6%;the variable conditions in the permeability of the side enclosure interface are 100%,50%,20% and the variable conditions the permeability between the canopy and the seat are 85%,50%,0.Then 27 physical models were arranged in the simulation.The urban gradient wind and turbulence model files were imported through the udf programto bring the simulation state closer to the actual situation.Finally,by comparing the wind speed ratio map,wind speed contour map and wind speed vector diagram of multiple sets of experiments and referring to the average wind speed,maximum wind speed,full field wind speed difference and human body tolerance coefficient evaluation model,this paper summarized the effects of single variable form and combined variable forms on the audience area wind environment from the audience viewing wind comfort.Those suggestions will provide a new design strategy for the optimization of the interface shape of professional football stadium in cold regions of China.更多还原