【作者】 赵雷；

【导师】 刘大同；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 仪器仪表工程（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国航天器功能的增加和任务难度的增大,对供配电系统的配置、管理、故障检测与诊断、小型化设计以及可靠性都提出了更高的要求。目前卫星上主要使用传统的“熔断器+继电器”的配电保护方式,该方式在负载出现过流/短路的情况下能够断开负载保护母线,但故障后不能重新对负载进行加断电控制,使得该种保护方式自主性、可恢复性以及实时性均较差,无法满足系统智能控制以及进行故障隔离和故障恢复的要求。智能配电技术是结合自动控制、计算机、功率电子等先进技术,构建具有保护功能、进一步实现飞行器在轨自主管理能力的一项技术,是作为传统“熔断器+继电器”配电模式的替代技术。鉴于此,本文以国家863课题为依托,对国外配电技术进行调研分析及论证,并提出基于固态功率控制器的卫星配电器的总体研制方案。该方案不同于传统的地面遥控管理方式,能实现卫星能源系统在轨自主管理和故障隔离,提高了能源系统的可靠性及其对任务的适应性和在轨自主生存能力。卫星配电器总体上采用模块化、分布式控制和集中管理的设计思想,设备外部总线为双冗余的RS-422总线,配电通路采用具有过流/短路保护、在轨I2t曲线修改和额定电流修改功能的固态功率控制器。机内自检测设计实现了对电源系统健康状态的监测。串行I/O模块和配电模块为设备的核心控制部分,串行I/O模块主要负责与外部管理单元进行信息交互,具备采集数据上传能力、同时负责与内部其它模块通讯,完成其它模块的控制。串行I/O模块对配电通路的状态以及外部模拟量进行采集,并根据通路的状态以及预设的负载优先级实现故障的隔离,通过切换外部重构继电器的方式实现故障后的系统重构。配电模块具备故障自主隔离能力,故障后可根据指令再次开启,可根据计算机发送指令改变不同的I2t保护曲线和配电额定电流值,提高设备的适应性。配电器固件程序设计采用了Verilog语言,依据通信协议要求进行了接口配置以及数据组帧,完成了UART串行总线功能设计,并实现了总线指令的分发。通过对A/D芯片的控制实现了数据的采集,并通过与负载优先级数据表进行对比,实现了故障的诊断以及隔离重构指令的产生。对所研制的卫星配电器进行了单机软硬件调试和设备系统级测试验证,测试结果表明,卫星配电器达到了任务预期的各项性能和技术指标,最后进一步总结和分析了卫星配电器的改进和优化方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The improvement of spacecraft functions and the increase of mission difficulty have placed a greater demand on the configuration,management,fault detection and diagnosis,miniaturization design and reliability of the power supply and distribution system.The power supply and distribution protection used on satellite is the traditional “fuse plus relay” mode,which can disconnect the load for load bus protection in case of a short c ircuit /over-current of loa d.But the protection methods cannot power up and down the load after fault occurrence,so that the autonomy,restorability,and real-time performance of this protection mode are weak.It could not satisfy the requirements of intelligent control,fault isolation,and fault recovery.Intelligent power distribution takes advantages of several advanced techniques,such as automatic control,computer,power electronics,etc.,which has strong protection ability and can raise the capability of on-orbit management of spacecraft.Intelligent power distribution is a substitution technology for traditional “fuse plus relay” mode.Therefore,with the support of the National 863 Program of China,this thesis surveys the development of power distribution,and proposes the overall scheme of the satellite power distributor on the basis of solid-state power controller.The strate gy is different from the tra ditiona l mana geme nt mode of ground re mote c ontrol,a nd ca n realize the energy mana ge ment system of satellite in orbit and fault isolation.Besides,it can improve the re liability of the energy syste m a nd its ada ptability to the task and on orbit se lf surviva l a bility.The design of the satellite power distributor adopts the idea of modularization,distributed control,and central management.The external bus adopts RS-422 of dual redundancy.The power distribution path is realized by Solid-state Power Controller,which is capable of over-current and short protection,on-orbit I2 t curve modification,and rated current modification.BIT design realizes the health monitoring of power system.The serial I/O module and the power distribution module are the management center.The serial I/O module is responsible for exchanging information with the external management unit,collecting and uploading data,communicating with other internal units,and controlling other units.The serial I/O module collects the state of the power distribution path and external a nalog signal.It can realize fault isolation according to the state of the path and the load p riority.System reconfiguration can also be accomplished by the serial I/O module through switching external reconfiguration relays.The power distribution module is capable of automatic fault isolation and can be restarted by orders after fault occurrence.The intelligent power distributor can also alter the I2 t protection curve and rated distribution current by computer orders,which raises the adaptability of the distributor.FPGA program of the distributor is written using Verilog,which realizes interface configuration,data framing,UART serial communication,and order distribution through the bus according to the communication protocol.Besides,data acquired by A/D chip are compared with the load priority data table.The fault detection,and the fault isolation and reconfiguration are based on the comparison result.The feasibility of the designed satellite power distributor is verified through both software and hardware debugging,and systematic test.The test results indicate that the designed distributor satisfies the expected performance requirements.Finally,a summary is made for the further improvement and optimization method of the satellite power distributor.更多还原