【作者】 王宇航；

【导师】 曹慧哲；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国城市化进程的加剧,建设用地的愈发紧张,使得人们进一步关注于垂直空间的拓展,高层以及超高层建筑不断涌现。与此同时,城市居民对健康舒适人居环境提出了更高的要求,住区室外风环境逐渐受到了人们的重视,故探究居住区的风环境特征及建筑周边空气流动规律非常有意义。严寒地区冬季和夏季对住区内部风环境的要求不同,因此以严寒地区的典型城市——哈尔滨为例,研究冬夏两季不同建筑布局形式对周边风环境的影响。本文结合典型风洞试验结果进行CFD数值模拟的可行性验证,并从风速、风速比、风压差以及风寒温度四方面进行建筑室外风环境评价。模拟单体建筑分别在截面形状、高度、风向角等不同时建筑周边的风环境,结果显示:算例工况下来流方向对建筑周围风环境的影响要大于截面形状和建筑高度的影响。通过Google Earth调研哈尔滨地区典型的高层住宅小区布局现状,统计分析得到行列式、围合式、混合式为最常见的布局形式,其中行列式可细分为平行式、错列式、斜列式,围合式可细分为全围合式和半围合式。围绕不同的形式并结合实际住区布局,基于六种布局进行工况设计,开展冬季和夏季各自主导风向下高层住区周边风环境模拟。通过对1.5 m高人行平面风环境模拟结果分析可知,高层住宅小区采用错列式和半围合式布局时,能够营造良好的住区风环境,有利于冬季防风;而建筑群在平行式布局下,冬季的内部风环境较差。采用平行式、错列式和斜列式布局,能够较好的实现夏季通风;但在围合式和混合式布局下,建筑群内局部空气流通不畅。综合分析冬夏季工况的模拟结果,严寒地区高层住宅小区布局推荐采用错列式布局。选取哈尔滨市万达文化旅游城项目进行高层住区实例模拟,对其周边风环境进行分析及优化。原始布局方案模拟结果显示夏季建筑群尾流区通风不畅,调整建筑布局后,流场中的风速分布不均匀程度得到明显改善。由于高层住区周边既有建筑对风环境的影响较大,应充分考虑周边建筑对风场的阻挡和导引效应,以营造待建高层住区的良好风环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the intensification of China’s urbanization process and the increasing shortage of construction land,people pay more attention to the expansion of vertical space.High-rise and super-high-rise buildings keep emerging.At the same time,urban residents put forward higher demands on healthy and comfortable living environment,as a result,the outdoor wind environment in residential areas has gradually received attention.Therefore,it is necessary and meaningful to explore the wind environment characteristics of residential areas and the air flow rule around buildings.And the requirements of the wind environment in the residential areas are different in winter and summer,so taking Harbin,a typical city in severe cold region,as an example,this paper mainly studies the influence of building layout in winter and summer on the residential wind environment.The feasibility of CFD simulation was verified by typical wind tunnel test results.In this paper,wind speed,wind speed ratio,wind pressure difference and wind cold temperature are used to evaluate the outdoor wind environment of buildings.By simulating the wind environment around single building with different cross-section shapes,heights and wind direction angles,it can be concluded that the influence of flow direction on the wind environment around the building is greater than that of crosssection shape and height under the working conditions set in this paper.Through Google Earth to investigate the layout of typical high-rise residential areas in Harbin,this paper summarizes the common architectural complex layout forms are: determinant,enclosure and hybrid.The determinant is subdivided into parallel,staggered,and oblique,and the enclosing type is subdivided into full and half enclosed types.Around the different forms and the actual residential layout,six layout conditions were designed to simulate the wind environment around high-rise residential areas under dominant wind direction in winter and summer respectively.The wind environment of the pedestrian plane with a height of 1.5m was analyzed.Considering the need for windproof in severe cold areas,the staggered,semi-enclosed and mixed layout of high-rise residential quarters can create a favorable wind environment for residential areas in winter.When the parallel layout is adopted,the wind environment inside the building complex is poor in winter.Parallel,staggered and oblique layouts are adopted to achieve better ventilation in summer.When the enclosed type and the mixed type are adopted,both of which have poor air circulation in summer buildings.Based on the analysis of winter and summer working conditions,the staggered layout is recommended for high-rise residential areas in severe cold regions.Finally,this paper selects Harbin Wanda Cultural Tourism City project as an example of high-rise residential area,and uses numerical simulation to analyze and optimize its surrounding wind environment.The results show that the wind environment can be significantly improved by adjusting the building layout.Combined with the actual situation,it is analyzed that the public buildings around high-rise residential areas have a greater impact on the wind environment.The surrounding buildings can be used to improve the wind environment of residential areas in the actual design process.更多还原