明清传教士汉语学习对汉语教学的启示

【作者】 王亚男；

【导师】 杨上元；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 汉语国际教育（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 在明清大背景下,大批传教士因欧洲宗教改革而认识中国,纷纷前往中国传教。这一举动不仅促进了中西文化的交流,而且兴起了传教士汉语学习的高潮。对比同时期的传教士,艾儒略是其中汉语著作最多,表现最突出的传教士,他形成了独具特色的传教风格,一生致力于福建地区的天主教传播。他博学多才,在华期间通过结交中国士大夫以及在汉语写作中不断提高自己的汉语能力,汉语水平逐步增强,被中国士大夫称为“西来孔子”,是明清时期汉语教学史上不容忽视的人物。在众多文献中,关于艾儒略的汉语学习的相关研究比较少见,而艾儒略的汉语成就很高,可研究的方面很多,对当代汉语教学也有一定的启示。故本文主要研究明清传教士艾儒略汉语学习策略以及对汉语教学的启示意义,首先,运用文献分析法系统地搜集和整理相关的文献史料,分析明清传教士汉语学习点的建立和发展,对明清时期大背景下的传教士的传教活动和汉语学习进行归纳,说明明清传教士汉语学习策略对艾儒略的影响。其次,运用个案研究法具体分析艾儒略的汉语学习,对艾儒略的在华传教活动行程及其学习成果进行研究,他把用汉语著书立说当做是提升自己的汉语水平的策略,对艾儒略的汉语著作进行分时期讨论。再从著作文体层面讨论艾儒略写作能力的不断提高。对比同时期传教士的汉语学习策略,艾儒略既有继承也有创新,在明清传教士汉语学习策略的基础上不断发展创新,形成自己独特的汉语学习之路。再次,通过对艾儒略的汉语学习过程进行归纳,总结出艾儒略的汉语学习策略,从广交中国士大夫;注重形式的写作方法;继承与创新的翻译策略等三个角度对艾儒略的汉语学习策略做简要分析,体现了艾儒略汉语学习的进程,运用汉语的能力以及继承与创新的能力。最后通过艾儒略的汉语学习策略从教学、写作、翻译等方面总结对汉语教学的启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of the Ming and Qing dynasties,a large number of missionaries knew China because of the European Reformation,and went to China to preach.This move not only promoted the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures,but also ushered in the climax of missionary Chinese learning.Compared with the missionaries of the same period,Julius is one of the most Chinese-language books and the most outstanding missionaries.He has formed a unique missionary style and devoted his life to the spread of Catholicism in Fujian.He was very versatile,and during his stay in China,he made continuous improvements in his Chinese language skills by making friends with Chinese bureaucrats and writing Chinese,and was called " Confucius comes form west" by Chinese scholars and officials.He was a figure that could not be ignored in the history of Chinese teaching during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In many literature,the relevant research on Julio’s Chinese learning is relatively rare,and Julio’s Chinese achievements are very high,and there are many research aspects,which also have certain enlightenment on contemporary Chinese teaching.Therefore,this article mainly studies the Chinese learning strategies of the early missionary Julio and its implications for Chinese teaching.Firstly,it collects and sorts out relevant historical documents using literature analysis,analyzes the establishment and development of missionaries of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Chinese learning sites,and summarizes the missionary activities and Chinese learning of missionaries under the background of the Ming and Qing dynasties,points out that Julio was slightly influenced by early missionary Chinese learning strategies.Secondly,this article uses case studies to specifically analyze Julio’s Chinese learning,to study Julio’s missionary activities and learning achievements in China,and to analyze the stylistic analysis of Julio’s Chinese writings.He regards writing in Chinese as strategy to improve his Chinese level,discussing the Chinese writings of Julio by period.Analyze the continuous improvement of Julio’s writing ability from the writing style.Compared with the missionary’s Chinese learning strategy,Julius has both inheritance and innovation for them,and constantly develops innovation on the basis of the early missionary’s Chinese learning strategy,forming his own unique Chinese learning path.Thirdly,to sum up the Chinese learning process of Julius,I generalize the Chinese learning strategy of Julius,and made a brief analysis of the Chinese learning strategy of Julius from the three perspectives of Cantonese scholars,form-oriented writing method,and inheritance and innovation in translation strategies.Reflects the process of learning Chinese by Julius,the ability to use Chinese and the ability to inherit and innovate.Finally,through the Julio’s Chinese learning strategies,I summarize the significance of Chinese teaching from the aspects of teaching,writing,and translation.更多还原