【作者】 王志明；

【导师】 倪阳；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着增量时代向存量时代的加速迈进,我国对城市高质量发展的需求日渐增加,老旧居住社区的未来存在方式将成为新常态下建筑学领域的重要议题之一。当前,我国城市居住社区模式以封闭式为主,以此满足居民的私密性和安全性需求并方便管理,但存在并不意味着一定合理,关于封闭式社区的空间效应争辩也未曾有过定论。随着社区的老化,人们对于城市协同发展的追求与大量社区封闭所加剧的城市空间私有化及碎片化、交通不畅、社会分裂等问题之间的矛盾也愈发激烈。为了改善这一现状,2016年相关政策的颁布也正式将之前饱受争议的开放型社区的建设确立为未来的发展方向。相对于新建社区而言,老旧居住社区由于自身固有的空间环境和邻里组织结构等,具有更多的复杂性与矛盾性,因此对其开放策略的研究也更具迫切性。文章选择老化状况较为严重、具有一定封闭性和邻里交往特征的单位型居住社区作为主体对象,以公共空间改造为着眼点研究促进社区适当开放的策略。通过相关理论体系的建构和基础研究,对我国城市居住模式的演变以及社区开放化进程进行梳理,并将社区固有空间结构、行为模式及时代需求结合进行整体研究。在此前提下,建立起研究的基础模型,并以广州为先例选取样本,进行社区空间环境、行为模式以及社区公共空间满意度和使用者需求三个层面的调研,从而深化对于基础模型的相关认知,得出单位型居住社区的现状问题以及影响其开放化改造的关键因素。再从国内外相关联的案例研究中,汲取塑造开放社区环境的公共空间改造的经验和教训。最后通过归纳上述研究过程的相关成果得出促进单位型居住社区适当开放的主要原则,并从总体规划和空间塑造两个层面进行更为具体的阐述。本文通过系统化的分析与研究,从空间环境、行为模式、社区满意度和使用者需求三个方面对单位型居住社区的特征和现状问题等进行了梳理,为之后的研究提供了参考。明确单位型居住社区的开放需要整体公共空间网络的整合,并确立了开放均衡性、界面渗透性、空间连通性、活动丰富性、节点多样性、邻里交往性和交通精明性这七项重要原则。对影响单位型居住社区开放的各方因素进行了梳理,并引入层次分析法为主体的开放均衡性评价体系,试图把握社区开放的适宜度,避免过度开放带来的一系列新的问题。同时强调空间多层次区分、更为细致的邻里组团空间建设等一系列方式对于开放社区建设的重要意义,并在文中进行了较为具体的阐述。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,as the incremental era has accelerated toward the stock era,the demand for high-quality development in Chinese cities is increasing.The future existence mode of the old community in our country will become one of the important issues in the field of architecture under the new normal.At present,the urban residential communities in China are mainly closed mode,in order to meet the privacy and security needs of residents and facilitate management.However,existence does not mean that it is necessarily reasonable,there has never been any controversy about the spatial effect of closed communities.With the aging of communities,the conflict between people’s pursuit of coordinated urban development and the problems of traffic congestion,privatization and fragmentation of urban space,and social divisions,which are exacerbated by the closure of a large number of communities,have become increasingly fierce.In order to improve this situation,the promulgation of relevant policies in 2016 formally established the construction of the previously controversial open community as the future development direction.Compared with newly-built communities,old residential communities have more complexity and contradictions due to their inherent spatial environment and neighborhood organization structure.Therefore,the study of their open strategies is also more urgent.The article selects unit-type residential communities with serious aging conditions,certain closedness and neighborhood communication characteristics as the main object,and takes public space transformation as the focus to study strategies to promote community openness.Through the construction of relevant theoretical systems and basic research,the evolution of China’s urban residential pattern and the process of community opening are sorted out.And established a comprehensive research method that combines the inherent spatial structure of the community,behavior patterns and era needs.Under this premise,the basic model of the research is established,and then the sample of the Guangzhou area is used as a precedent to carry out investigations at three levels of community space environment,behavior patterns,community public space satisfaction and user needs.Further deepen the relevant knowledge of the basic model,and draw the status quo problems of the unit-type residential community and the key factors affecting its open transformation.Finally,by summarizing the relevant results of the above research process,the main principles for proper opening of the unit-type residential community are obtained,and a more specific elaboration is made from the two aspects of the overall planning level and the space shaping level.Through systematic analysis and research,this article combs the characteristics and current situation of the unit-type residential community from the three aspects of space environment,behavior pattern,community satisfaction and user needs,which provides a reference for future research.Make it clear that the opening of unit-type residential communities requires the integration of the overall public space network,and then established seven important principles of open balance,interface permeability,spatial connectivity,activity richness,node diversity,neighborhood communication and traffic savvy.The factors influencing the opening of unit-type residential communities are sorted out,and an analysis system of opening balance is introduced as the main body to avoid a series of new problems caused by excessive opening.At the same time,it emphasizes the importance of a series of methods such as multi-level space differentiation and more detailed neighbourhood group space construction for the construction of open communities,and provides a more specific explanation in the article.更多还原