【作者】 刘敏；

【导师】 张传燧；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 党的十九大报告提出“实施乡村振兴战略”,其目标是实现乡村社会各个方面的振兴。农村教师作为乡村的文化人,不仅要在推动乡村教育振兴的过程中贡献力量,也需要承担起相应的社会责任。乡村振兴战略的实施为乡村社会带来新的变化,要求乡村学校不仅要担负乡村人才培养功能,还要承担起“政治教化功能、文化建设功能和经济建设功能”。农村教师是乡村学校的主力军,乡村学校的功能是依靠农村教师实现的,乡村学校功能的拓展,需要农村教师角色的转型。农村教师应该成为“儿童希望的筑梦人、经济发展的促进者、科学技术的传播者、文明乡风的促进者、方针政策的通讯员”。农村教师角色的转型可以促进乡村教育的振兴,有助于实现乡村振兴的总目标。乡村学校的多重功能和农村教师的多样化角色,可以回溯到二十世纪乡村建设运动的历史经验中去。上世纪的二三十年代的乡村建设运动中,乡村学校落实了“社会革新、经济建设、科学普及、文化教育”等功能。在乡村建设各实验区,农村教师是“开蒙启智的教育者、扶弱救贫的先遣兵、政策思想的传播者、乡土文化的守护者、乡村变革的助推者”。过去,农村教师在乡村建设运动中扮演的多样化角色,值得今天的农村教师群体学习研究。调查结果表明,在乡村振兴进程中农村教师角色转型面临诸多困境。现在的农村教师角色窄化,一切工作都以教育教学为中心,农村教师成为“应试的辅助者、知识的搬运工、规定的执行者、乡村的城市人”。造成这一局面的原因是“乡村学校功能的单一、社会发展带来的冲击和教师自身观念的驱使”。农村教师角色转型未来出路需要政府、社会、学校和教师自身共同努力。政府相关政策的落实、社会机构组织团体的支持、媒体共同营造良好的氛围、公众对教师的尊重和信任,是农村教师角色转型的社会支持;学校明确发展目标、优化管理制度、勇担社会责任,为农村教师参与乡村振兴的社会实践提供机会;农村教师需要坚定信念做好心理准备,丰富知识储备打好理论基础,并且主动将自身的知识理论应用到乡村振兴的实践中去,从而实现角色的转型。更多还原

【Abstract】 The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward the strategy of Rural Revitalization,its objective is to achieve the revitalization of rural society in all aspects.Rural Teachers,as cultural people in rural areas,should not only contribute to the process of rural education revitalization,but also take on the corresponding social responsibilities.The implementation of rural revitalization strategy has brought about new changes in rural society,which requires rural schools not only to assume the function of rural talent training,but also to assume the function of "political education,cultural construction and economic construction".Rural Teachers are the main force of rural schools.The function of rural schools is realized by rural teachers.The development of rural school function needs the transformation of rural teachers’ role.Rural Teachers should be the dreambuilders of children’s hope,the promoters of economic development,the disseminators of science and technology,the promoters of civilization and local customs,and the correspondents of policies.The transformation of rural teachers’ role can promote the revitalization of rural education and help to achieve the overall goal of rural revitalization.The multiple functions of rural schools and the diversified roles of rural teachers can be traced back to the historical experience of the Rural Construction Movement in the 20 th century.During the Rural Construction Movement in the 1920 s and 1930 s,rural schools carried out the functions of social innovation,economic construction,science popularization,culture and education.In the experimental areas of rural construction,rural teachers are educators of enlightenment,pioneers of Poverty Relief,disseminators of policy ideas,guardians of rural culture and promoters of rural change.In the past,the diversified roles played by rural teachers in the rural construction movement are worth studying for today’s rural teachers.The result of the survey shows that the transformation of rural teachers’ role in the process of rural revitalization is facing many difficulties.Now the role of rural teachers is narrowing,all their work to education as the center,rural teachers to become “assistants of examinations,carriers of the knowledge,The executors of the rules,citizens of the countryside”.The reasons for this situation are the single function of rural schools,the impact of social development and the teachers’ own ideas.The future way out of rural teachers’ role transformation needs the joint efforts of the government,society,schools and teachers themselves.The implementation of relevant government policies,the support of social organizations,the good environment created by media,the respect and trust of the public are the social support for the role transformation of rural teachers.Schools should clearly define their development goals,optimize their management systems and take their social responsibilities,so as to provide opportunities for rural teachers to participate in the social practice of rural revitalization.Rural Teachers need to enrich their knowledge reserves,lay a good theoretical foundation,make a good psychological preparation,and take the initiative to apply their knowledge theory to the practice of rural revitalization,so as to realize the transformation of their roles.更多还原