“全面二孩”政策实施的伦理问题及应对

【作者】 杨旭；

【导师】 李桂梅；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 我国作为世界上人口最多的国家,生育政策的变动一直备受世界各国的关注。自建国以来,我国的生育政策发生过多次调整。“全面二孩”政策作为“计划生育”政策的补充,是我国政府在充分认识当今社会发展需求的前提下,对我国现行政策进行的调整。随着“全面二孩”政策落地,我国日益严峻的老龄化问题将得到有效缓解,人口的年龄、性别结构将得到优化,人口红利消失的问题将得到化解。并且,“全面二孩”政策能够在一定程度弥补独生子女造成的家庭伦理缺陷。但由于“全面二孩”政策在实施过程中涉及到的国家与个人层面的伦理问题未能妥善解决,该政策实施至今并未达到预期目标,对于人口增长的促进效果并不显著。政策实施过程中面临的全新的问题影响着政策顺利推行,国家责任与公民责任的偏差、生育权与就业权的保障缺失以及家庭生育事务中两性责任的分配失衡等都在影响着政策实施的进程。在与政策直接相关的多个主体中,国家、企业、家庭、个人这些最为主要的利益相关者应端正自己的认识,树立正确的生育伦理观念,共同承担生育责任,这样才能真正实现“全面二孩”政策的价值目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is the most populous country in the world,and changes in fertility policy often attract the attention of countries around the world Since the founding of the country,there have been many changes in our fertility policy.On the premise of fully recognizing the needs of today’s social development,the Government has made an adjustment to our current policy,with " the universal two-child " policy supplementing the"one-child" policy.With the deployment of the "universal two-child" policy,the increasingly serious problem of ageing in China will be effectively alleviated,the age and gender structure of the population will be optimized,and the problem of the disappearance of the demographic dividend will be eliminated.Moreover,the " universal two-child " policy can,to a certain extent,compensate for the family ethical deficiencies caused by having a single childHowever,as ethical issues of the national and individual levels engaged in the implementation of the " universal two-child " have not been properly resolved.New problems in the process of policy implementation affect the smooth implementation of the policy,the policy has so far failed to achieve its expected target and has not had a significant effect on promoting population growth.The deviation between state and civic responsibilities,the lack of guarantees of reproductive and employment rights,and the imbalance in the distribution of gender responsibilities in family reproductive matters are all affecting the progress of the policy.Among the many subjects directly related to the policy,the state,enterprises,families and individuals,who are the most important stakeholders,should correct their own perceptions,establish a correct ethical concept of reproduction for their actions,share responsibility for reproduction and only have they made achievement on these aspects can the value goal of the " the universal two-child " policy be truly realized.更多还原