【作者】 王洪波；

【导师】 金颖；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 中国史（近现代史方向）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近代以来,随着西学东渐和东西方交流的深入,西方一些生产和经营方式开始传入中国。对于农业发展来说,一方面资本主义经营方式的传入为传统农业向近代农业的转型提供了重要契机,另一方面土地大规模的丈放和开垦、以及农业商品化也为农业提供了亟待发展的土地和资本要件。正是在这种大环境下,农业公司得以建立和发展。就农业公司建立和发展的地域而言,土地资源丰富的东北地区、滩涂资源众多的江浙等地区是其分布比较集中的地方。在发展时间上,农业公司在20世纪之前鲜有出现,而在1901年以通海垦牧公司的建立为重要节点、农业公司在全国有了初步的发展,到了10年代初其数量达到了一百多家。在此期间,东北地区的农业公司也获得了初步发展。进入民国后,随着政府奖励实业政策的不断颁行、民间实业爱国思潮的涌动以及列强忙于一战而减轻了其经济侵略,国内的民族资本主义有了进一步的发展。在这样的背景下,农业公司也得到了较快的发展。就此时期东北地区的农业公司而言,不仅其数量和规模较之前有了进一步的发展,而且随着水稻等农业新物种的传入和种植、更多的农业公司涌现出来。但由于受到土地兼并剧烈,列强卷土重来以及兵燹、匪患、自然灾害等因素的影响,东北地区的农业公司进入二十世纪二十年代之后逐渐濒于停滞。对于农业公司的经营特点和运营方式来说,它们大多采用集股的方式创办、采用雇工的方式经营,部分农业公司还进行商品化经营和机械化生产。与此同时,农业公司作为近代新兴的经济组织、其是以公司为组织形式从事农业生产经营的。随着近代公司立法的不断推进,农业公司的组织和经营在规范程度上得到了一定提高。尽管清末民初东北地区的农业公司发展时间有限,但这些农业公司以公司制这种近代经营方式为组织载体从事近代农业生产和经营、具有一定的进步性,其采用的集股创设方式和雇工经营形式吸纳了相当数量的垦荒资金和垦殖劳动力、机械化和商品经营的应用也体现了近代农业的发展趋势,其为东北地区垦殖事业的发展和近代农业的演进做出了相应贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since modern times,with the deepening of the east and west exchanges,some western production and management methods began to be introduced into China.For agricultural development,on the one hand,the introduction of capitalist mode of operation provides an important opportunity for the transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.On the other hand,large-scale land release and reclamation,and agricultural commercialization also provide the resource of land and capital for agriculture to be developed urgently.It is in this environment that agricultural companies are established and developed.As far as the region established and developed by agricultural companies is concerned,the northeast region with abundant land resources,Jiangsu and Zhejiang,which have abundant resources in the beach,are the places where it is concentrated.In the development time,agricultural companies rarely appeared before the 20 th century,and in 1901 with the establishment of Tonghai Reclamation Pastoral Corporation as an important node,agricultural companies in the country has a preliminary development.To the early 10’s,its number reached more than 100.During this period,agricultural companies in the Northeast also gained initial development.After entering the Republic of China,with the continuous formulation of the government’s policy of rewarding industrial,the surge of patriotic thoughts of civil industry and the great powers busy with World War I reducing their economic aggression,the domestic national capitalism has further developed.In this context,agricultural companies have also been relatively fast development.In the case of agricultural companies in the Northeast during this period,not only the number and scale of their previous development,but also with the introduction and cultivation of new agricultural species such as rice,more agricultural companies emerged.However,due to the fierce land merger,the return of the great powers and the military,banditry,natural disasters and other factors,agricultural companies in the Northeast entered the 1920 s gradually came to the verge of stagnation.For the operating characteristics and mode of operation of agricultural companies,most of them are set up by stock-pooling,employed by the way of operation,some agriculturalcompanies also carry out commercial operations and mechanized production.At the same time,agricultural companies as a modern emerging economic organization which is the form of the company as an organization to engage in agricultural production and management.With the continuous advancement of modern corporate legislation,the organization and operation of agricultural companies have been improved to the degree of regulation.Although the development time of agricultural companies in the northeast region of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China was limited,these agricultural companies took the modern mode of operation as the carrier of the organization to engage in modern agricultural production and management,with certain progress,and their use of stock-gathering methods and employment management forms to absorb a considerable amount of cultivated funds and cultivated labor.The application of mechanization and commodity management also reflect the development trend of modern agriculture,which has made corresponding contributions to the development of reclamation and the evolution of modern agriculture in Northeast China.更多还原