【作者】 李琳；

【导师】 杨朝君； 郭莉；

【作者基本信息】 西安电子科技大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,虽然我国的冷链物流迅速发展,但是由于冷链物流技术与设备相对落后且冷链物流体系不完善,农产品在运输和存储过程中造成了巨大的商品损耗,严重影响到了生鲜农产品供应链的整体收益。由于牛鞭效应的存在,上游成员保持的库存量要远大于实际市场需求,过高的库存不仅会导致更多的商品损耗,而且意味着部分存储时间较长的农产品将要流入消费者手中,缺乏新鲜度的商品极度影响这些顾客的消费体验,导致顾客流失。显然,如何降低生鲜农产品供应链各级成员的库存是供应链减少产品损耗的关键。目前,农超对接经营模式是国内非常常见的生鲜供应链模式,这种供应链模式一般都是零售商占主导地位,所以用这种零售商主导的生鲜供应链作为本文的研究对象,提出零售商将自己的需求信息共享给供应商,可以使获得信息的一方可以根据实际需求调整库存而极大地减少持有库存,这是提高生鲜农产品供应链效益的一个高效的途径。因此本文的研究主要分为两个方向:一是信息共享对于不同模式下的二级生鲜供应链的影响;二是二级生鲜供应链实现长期信息共享的方法和策略。本文首先对生鲜农产品供应链、供应链协调和信息共享进行了界定,然后对其热点研究方向进行了综述。之后结合生鲜农产品供应链的理论基础,使用Netlogo软件设计了模拟二级生鲜农产品供应链运行的ABMS模型,通过模型研究不考虑成本情况下的信息共享对于三种不同模式的生鲜供应链的影响,证明信息共享有助于提高生鲜供应链的效益。并且继续讨论了供应商补货能力有限情况下信息共享的局限性。最后,在考虑成本的情况下研究了供应商和零售商为实现信息共享而投入成本的博弈分析,推导出两者实现长期信息共享的条件。在此基础上,根据零售商成功共享信息需要投入的成本设计不同的投入成本契约,并用模型验证契约的可行性。模型模拟信息共享的结果表明,信息共享可以极大地降低供应商的库存和缺货量,提高零售商的收益。并且,供应商在补货能力有限的情况下,根据共享的需求信息补货,仍需要准备额外的安全库存,否则供应商可能会严重缺货。另外,模型对于本文制定的几种信息共享投入契约的验证结果表明,随着零售商实现信息共享需要的成本增加,要实现长期信息共享,供应商提供的价格折扣也会增加。当零售商需要投入的成本过大时,供应商在保证自身收益的前提下,提供折扣带来的收益无法超过零售商信息共享投入的成本,此时,双方将保持信息不共享状态。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,although China’s cold chain logistics has developed rapidly,due to the relatively backward technology and equipment of cold chain logistics and the incomplete cold chain logistics system,agricultural products have caused huge commodity losses during transportation and storage,which has seriously affected the overall benefits of the fresh agricultural product supply chain.Due to the bullwhip effect,the inventory maintained by upstream members is much larger than the actual market demand.Excessive inventory will not only lead to more product loss,but also means that some agricultural products with a long storage time will flow into the hands of consumers.The lack of freshness products will extremely affect the consumer experience of these customers,leading to customer loss.Obviously,how to reduce the inventory of members of the fresh agricultural product supply chain at all levels is the key to reducing the loss of commodities in the supply chain.At present,the farmers-supermarket docking business model is a very common fresh agricultural product supply chain model in China.This supply chain model is generally dominated by retailers.Therefore,this retail-dominated fresh agricultural product supply chain is used as the research object of this paper.It is proposed that retailers sharing their own demand information with suppliers can enable the party receiving the information to adjust the inventory according to actual needs and greatly reduce the holding of inventory,which is an efficient way to improve the efficiency of the fresh agricultural product supply chain.Therefore,the research in this paper is mainly divided into two directions: first,the impact of information sharing on the two-level fresh agricultural product supply chain under different models;and second,the methods and strategies for achieving long-term information sharing in the two-level fresh agricultural product supply chain.This article first defines the fresh agricultural product supply chain,supply chain coordination and information sharing,and then summarizes its hot research directions.After combining the theoretical basis of the fresh agricultural product supply chain,using the Netlogo software,an ABMS model was designed to simulate the operation of the two-level fresh agricultural product supply chain.The effect of information sharing on three different models of fresh supply chain was studied through a model without considering the cost and proving that information sharing helps improve the efficiency of the fresh supply chain.It also continues to discuss the limitations of information sharing when suppliers have limited replenishment capabilities.Finally,under the consideration of cost,the game analysis of the input costs of suppliers and retailers to achieve information sharing is studied,and the conditions for long-term information sharing between the two are calculated.Based on this,different input cost contracts are designed according to the costs that retailers need to invest to successfully share information,and models are used to verify the feasibility of various contracts.The results of model simulation information sharing show that information sharing can greatly reduce the inventory,shortage of suppliers and increase the retailer’s revenue.In addition,when the supplier’s replenishment capacity is limited,replenishment based on shared demand information still requires the preparation of additional safety stocks,or the supplier may be seriously out of stock.In addition,the model’s verification results on the several information sharing input contracts formulated in this article show that as the cost of retailers’ information sharing to increase,to achieve long-term information sharing,the price discount provided by the supplier will also increase.When the cost of the retailer’s input is too large,the benefits of discounts provided by suppliers cannot exceed the cost of the retailer’s information sharing input under the premise of ensuring supplier’s revenue.At this time,both parties will maintain the state of information not shared.更多还原