【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 时胜国；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 水声工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 在被动警戒潜标系统中,如何扩大警戒潜标的封锁范围,并在封锁范围内实现远程目标的定位与时跟踪是潜标系统的重要技术目标。随着减振降噪技术的发展,海洋中潜艇的隐蔽性越来越好,被动潜标系统对远程目标方位信息的准确获取愈发困难,而方位估计精度与定位精度息息相关,远程目标方位信息的不精确估计将直接带来远程目标的定位不准问题。因此实现被动潜标系统的远程目标精确定位与跟踪的首要任务就是利用潜标获取准确的远程目标方位信息。本文从单个潜标入手,阐述选取矢量圆阵作为潜标的原因,介绍矢量圆阵潜标的远场目标方位估计原理,仿真对比矢量圆阵两种预处理和三种空间谱方法的方位估计性能。结果表明,矢量圆阵阵元域最小方差无畸变波束形成方法的空间谱具有较窄的主瓣和较低的旁瓣级,受信噪比变化的影响小,且相较于单矢量水听器互谱法,该方法能够在较低的信噪比下提高目标的方位估计精度。针对如何提高矢量潜标系统的被动定位精度问题,本文构建了双(三)矢量潜标系统的定位模型,利用矢量圆阵潜标的测向结果,通过定位精度几何稀释度分析讨论了在警戒范围内,双(三)矢量潜标系统定位精度的分布情况,并且对如何进行双(三)矢量潜标的布放来提高警戒范围内目标的定位精度进行了仿真分析。对于三矢量潜标系统,利用参数优化方法(伪线性、修正辅助变量、最大似然和最小二乘)来提高系统的定位精度并通过仿真验证了方法的有效性,同时对警戒范围内,双矢量潜标系统和三矢量潜标系统的定位精度进行了对比分析。最后本文利用双(三)矢量潜标系统对四种态势目标的直接定位位置信息和观测方位信息分别进行线性卡尔曼滤波和非线性卡尔曼滤波以及粒子滤波的跟踪性能对比分析,讨论了能够提高(双)三矢量潜标系统的目标跟踪精度的滤波方法,并对双矢量潜标系统和三矢量潜标系统的跟踪性能的进行了对比分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the passive surveillance submarine target system,how to expand the blocked range of the surveillance submarine target and achieve remote target positioning and real-time tracking within the blocked range is an important technical goal of the submarine target system.With the development of vibration and noise reduction technology,the concealment of submarines in the ocean is getting better and better.It is more and more difficult for the passive submersible system to accurately obtain the position information of the remote target.The inaccurate estimation will directly lead to the problem of inaccurate positioning of remote targets.Therefore,the primary task of realizing precise positioning and tracking of remote targets in passive submersible systems is to obtain accurate remote target position information using submersibles.This article starts from a single submersible,explains the reason why the vector circular array is selected as the submersible,introduces the principle of azimuth estimation of the farfield target of the vector circular array submersible,and compares the performance of azimuth estimation of two preprocessing and three spatial spectrum methods of the vector circular array.The results show that the spatial spectrum of the minimum-variance undistorted beamforming method of the vector circular array element domain has a narrow main lobe and a low sidelobe level,and is less affected by changes in the signal-to-noise ratio.Cross-spectrum method,which can improve the target’s azimuth estimation accuracy at a lower spectral level signal-to-noise ratio.Aiming at how to improve the passive positioning accuracy of the vector submersible system,a positioning model of the dual(three)vector submersible system is constructed in this paper.Using the direction finding results of the vector circular array submersible,the geometrical dilution analysis of the positioning accuracy is discussed in the alert range.In this paper,the distribution of positioning accuracy of the double(three)vector submersible system is simulated and analyzed on how to deploy the double(three)vector submersibles to improve the positioning accuracy of targets within the alert range.For the three-vector submersible system,the parameter optimization methods(pseudo-linear,modified auxiliary variables,maximum likelihood,and least squares)are used to improve the positioning accuracy of the system and the effectiveness of the method is verified through simulation.The positioning accuracy of the vector submersible system and the three vector submersible system are compared and analyzed.Finally,this paper uses the dual(three)vector submersible system to perform linear Kalman filtering,non-linear Kalman filtering,and particle filter tracking performance comparison analysis on the direct positioning position information and observation azimuth information of four situational targets.The filtering method of the target tracking accuracy of the(double)three-vector submersible system,and the tracking performance of the two-vector submersible system and the three-vector submersible system are compared and analyzed.更多还原