【作者】 孙萌；

【导师】 宋典；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的快速发展,电梯在人民生活中使用越来越频繁,我国电梯的保有量每年均以20%的速度迅猛发展,与此同时,使用时间超过15年的老旧电梯进入了快速增长期。截至2018年底,W市使用年限15年以上的电梯占总量的7%,而在今后的5至10年内,大规模房地产开发期间建造的高层和小高层建筑内的电梯,也将步入老旧电梯的行列。因此,面对数量如此庞大的老旧电梯,其安全监管应当成为公共安全领域的一项重点工作。本文从监管的视角出发,运用事故致因和协同治理理论,首先梳理了老旧电梯及其安全评估的含义,针对W市老旧电梯实际,分析W市老旧电梯安全监管中存在的问题,通过调研分析发现主要存在以下几方面的问题:一是老旧电梯更新改造资金不足;二是老旧电梯维保质量不高;三是电梯安全知识普及不够;四是行业协会作用发挥不明显;五是公共救援产品不足,同时深入剖析问题产生的原因主要有老旧电梯立法保障滞后和标准不健全、电梯安全主体责任落实不到位、电梯安全监察检验体制的制约以及电梯企业违法成本低四个方面。最后,本文在借鉴美国、德国和韩国电梯安全监管经验的基础上,按照共建共治共享的监管思路,从创新电梯监管体制、提升基层监管水平;构建电梯安全长效管理机制、规范老旧电梯市场;完善老旧电梯法规标准、加快老旧电梯综合治理;落实共建共治共享理念、推进电梯社会安全共治四个方面,提出完善W市老旧电梯安全监管的建议,以实现政府监管、行业自律、社会监督、市场规范的电梯安全监管格局。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of China’s economy,elevators are used more and more frequently in people’s lives.The amount of elevators in China is growing rapidly at a rate of 20%every year.At the same time,the old elevators that have been used for more than 15 years have entered a period of rapid growth.By the end of 2018,elevators in W city with a service life of more than 15 years accounted for 7 percent of the total,and in the next five to 10 years,elevators in high-rise and small high-rise buildings built during large-scale real estate development will also be among the old ones.Therefore,in the face of such a large number of old elevators,its safety supervision should become a priority in the field of public safety.In this paper,starting from the perspective of regulation,the accident cause and collaborative governance theory,the first combed the old elevator and meaning of safety evaluation,in view of the old elevator actual W city,analysis W city problems existing in the old elevator safety re gulation,through the research analysis found mainly exist the following problems:one is the old elevator upgrading insufficient funds;Second,the old elevator maintenance quality is not high;Thirdly,the popularization of elevator safety knowledge is not enough;Fourth,the role of industry associations is not obvious;Fifth,the public rescue products are insufficient,and in-depth analysis of the causes of the problem mainly include the old elevator legislation guarantee lag and standards are not sound,the implementation of the main responsibility of elevator safety is not in place,the elevator safety supervision and inspection system constraints and low illegal costs of elevator enterprises four aspects.Finally,based on the experience of elevator safety supervision in the United States,Germany and South Korea,this paper innovates the elevator supervision system and improves the supervision level at the grassroots level according to the idea of co-construction,co-governance and sharing.Establish a long-term elevator safety management mechanism and standardize the old elevator market;Improve the old elevator regulations and standards,accelerate the comprehensive treatment of the old elevator;In order to realize the elevator safety supervision pattern of government supervision,industry self-discipline,social supervision and market regulation,this paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the old elevator safety supervision in W city from the following four aspects:implementing the concept of co-construction,co-governance and sharing,and promoting the co-governance of elevator social safety.更多还原