【作者】 张燕；

【导师】 何卓恩；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以战时私立光华大学沪校的办学概况、师生生活为研究对象,试图揭示光华校方、师生在抗战中的坚守,从而展示出战时办学的多样性,亦可见战时留守区除军事外的另类抗战途径,并借此说明私立光华大学沪校能坚持到抗战胜利并成功复校的原因。在抗日战争日益严峻的境况下,光华校方选择部分内迁成都、部分留守上海,光华校方作出此种抉择主要有如下考虑:光华大学作为私立学校,其办学经费不足,无法筹集搬迁费用;光华校方与国民党、国民政府要员没有亲密往来,亦无法从教育部获得大额经费补足;同时,光华大学校长张寿镛的根基和事业均在上海。在综合之下,光华遂决定部分内迁、部分留守。“孤岛”时期,光华沪校办学的经费来源包括学杂费、教育部补助、银行借贷、社会捐赠、贩卖大西路校舍所得等,经费来源途径虽多,但数额却入不敷出。光华沪校的校舍几经搬迁,到1938年基本稳定下来,在证券大楼坚持到抗战结束。为了解决教师生计,沪校增设了商业专修夜校、改革历史系。为了显示对国民政府的忠诚,沪校依照国民政府教育部的规定,在校实行了导师制和改革了学校行政系统,由于人员的缺少,大都流于形式,但毕竟显示了学校对国民政府命令的服从和忠诚。上海沦陷后,光华沪校以学社的形式继续开办,由于特殊时期,课程也是时上时停,还要受到日伪两方的不是骚扰,在蒋维乔先生的周旋之下,学社拒绝向日伪登记,既保持了学校的民族性,又使学校坚持到了抗战胜利。光华成都分部是光华大学内迁部分,校方领导既有光华旧人,也有川省地方人士;办学经费亦有川省政府和士绅的捐赠;办学面临的最大困境是日军的轰炸,这些均是与光华沪校不同之处。留守学校与内迁学校属于战时两种不同类型的办学,蓉校是在大后方办学,沪校是在战区办学;两类的办学均是对日本侵略的文化抵抗,沪校是“直面敌人”,蓉校是“曲线抗敌”。光华大学,尤其是光华沪校在上海的坚守体现出了学校具有的民族精神。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper takes the general situation of running a school and the life of teachers and students of the private Guanghua University in wartime as the research object,trying to reveal the persistence of Guanghua University and teachers and students in the Anti Japanese War,so as to show the diversity of running a school when they went to war.It also shows the alternative ways of Anti Japanese War besides military in the remaining area in wartime,and explains the reason why the private Guanghua University in Shanghai can persist in the victory of the Anti Japanese War and successfully return to school.Under the increasingly severe circumstances of the Anti Japanese War,Guanghua University chose to move part of Chengdu and part of Shanghai.Guanghua University made such a choice mainly because of the following considerations:Guanghua University,as a private school,has insufficient funds for running the school and is unable to raise relocation costs;Guanghua university has no close contact with key members of the Kuomintang and the national government,and is unable to obtain large amount of funds from the Ministry of education At the same time,Zhang Shouyong,President of Guanghua University,is based in Shanghai.In a comprehensive way,Guanghua then decided to move in part and stay in part.During the "isolated island" period,Guanghua Shanghai school’s funding sources include school fees,subsidies from the Ministry of education,bank loans,social donations,and income from selling Daxi road school buildings.Although there are many sources of funding,the amount can’t make ends meet.After several relocations,the school buildings of Guanghua Shanghai University basically stabilized in 1938,and persisted in the Securities Building until the end of the Anti Japanese war.In order to solve the problem of teachers’ livelihood,Shanghai school has set up a night school for business majors and a department of history reform.In order to show the loyalty to the national government,Shanghai school,according to the regulations of the Ministry of education of the national government,has implemented the tutor system and reformed the school administrative system.Due to the lack of personnel,most of them are mere formality,but after all,they have shown their obedience and loyalty to the orders of the national government.After the fall of Shanghai,Guanghua Shanghai school continued to operate in the form of a school association.Due to the special period,the curriculum was also on and off,and it was not harassed by the Japanese and puppet sides.Under Mr.Jiang Weiqiao’s circular,the school refused to register with the Japanese and puppet,which not only kept the national character of the school,but also made the school stick to the victory of the Anti Japanese war.Guanghua Chengdu branch is the internal relocation patrt of Guanghua University.The leaders of Guanghua university include both old Guanghua people and local people of Sichuan Province;the funds for running the school are also donated by the government of Sichuan Province and gentry;the biggest dilemma for running the school is the Japanese bombing,which is different from Guanghua Shanghai University.Left behind schools and inward moving schools belong to two different types of schools in wartime,one is in the rear,the other is in the war zone;both types of schools are cultural resistance to Japanese aggression,one is "face the enemy directly",the other is "curve resistance".Guanghua university has both of them,and the persistence of Guanghua Shanghai University in Shanghai reflects the national spirit of the University.更多还原