【作者】 徐文静；

【导师】 王海飙；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 地震作为突发性、难以预测性的重大自然灾害遍及世界各地,频发的地震造成最为惨重的人身伤亡和财产损失,中国地处亚欧与太平洋板块交界,随着国民经济的发展和城镇化进程的加快,传统的单一建筑工程抗震减灾措施已远不能有效防控潜在地震灾害风险对国家发展的影响。构建以地震安全社区为抗震减灾单元,综合考量工程结构和管理运营等因素对社区地震安全应急的影响,科学构建地震安全社区应急管理评价体系以实现系统科学的防灾目标。本文立足于探究地震安全社区应急管理问题,分析国内外社区防灾建设理念和发展趋势,梳理我国地震安全社区建设与安全应急相关理论,明确地震安全社区应急管理在防灾管理体系的重要作用。针对地震安全社区构成特点及突发事件的发生机理,按照地震安全社区在灾前应急准备、灾时应急响应、灾后应急恢复阶段涉及到的影响因素进行指标提取。并分层次建立地震安全社区应急管理评价指标体系,设定评价体系的目标层、准则层、指标层,创新性地将组合赋权法和物元可拓数学理论运用于构建地震安全社区应急管理评价体系。通过既有相关研究、专家意见和实际调查制定指标评价标准,选取组合优化方法确定指标权重,设计应急管理评价流程,并以综合评价模型得到灾害应急管理评价结果。最后通过选取我国地震安全示范社区案例,进行震后社区应急指标数据采集及分析处理,运用所建立的评价体系进行社区应急管理现状评价分析,得到该地震安全社区评价等级。由实例评价结果与社区实际状况的相符程度,验证所构建的评价体系适用性及正确性,对地震安全社区向安全智慧化社区建设与管理提供有价值的参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earthquake as sudden and unpredictability of major natural disasters throughout the world,of the most deadly of personal casualty and property loss caused by the earthquake,China is located in the Asia and Europe and the Pacific plate boundary,with the development of national economy and the speeding up of urbanization,the traditional single construction engineering seismic disaster mitigation measures has been far from effective prevention and control potential earthquake disaster risk’s impact on national development.Taking the earthquake safe community as the earthquake disaster reduction unit,and comprehensively considering the impact of engineering structure,management and operation on the emergency response of the community,the emergency management evaluation system of the earthquake safe community is built scientifically to achieve the systematic and scientific disaster prevention goal.Based on the exploration of the emergency management problems of earthquake safe communities,this paper analyzes the concept and development trend of community disaster prevention construction at home and abroad,summarizes relevant theories of earthquake safe community construction and safety emergency response in China,and clarifies the important role of emergency management of earthquake safe communities in disaster prevention management system.According to the characteristics of earthquake safe communities and the occurrence mechanism of emergencies,the indexes are extracted according to the influencing factors involved in earthquake safe communities’ emergency preparedness before,emergency response during and emergency recovery after disasters.In addition,the evaluation index system of emergency management in earthquake safe communities is established hierarchically,and the target layer,criterion layer and index layer of the evaluation system are set up.The combined weight method and matter-element extension mathematics theory are innovatively applied to the construction of emergency management evaluation system of earthquake safe communities.Through the existing relevant research,expert opinions and practical investigation,the index evaluation standard is established,the index weight is determined by the combination optimization method,the evaluation process of emergency management is designed,and the evaluation result of disaster emergency management is obtained by the comprehensive evaluation model.Finally,by selecting the case of the demonstration community of earthquake safety in China,the data collection and analysis of the post-earthquake community emergency indicators are carried out,and the current situation of community emergency management is evaluated and analyzed by using the established evaluation system to obtain the evaluation level of the earthquake safety community.The applicability and correctness of the evaluation system are verified by the degree of the evaluation results in accordance with the actual situation of the community,which provides valuable reference for the construction and management of safe and intelligent communities.更多还原