【作者】 杨磊；

【导师】 秦洪武；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 名词动用,指的是名词不做出任何词形变化被作为动词使用,执行动词的语法功能的现象。名词动用现象在英语中广泛而大量的存在,在汉语中,这种现象却相对较少。在翻译过程中,这种语言上的差异对语义的理解造成了一定程度的困难,进而影响着翻译的质量。作为一种语言现象,名词动用在不同的理论框架下已经在国内外得到了广泛的研究,涉及词汇、语用、认知、修辞等角度。作为译者,如何把名词动用的原有意义完整而准确的表达出来显得尤为重要。然而在对一些简单的名词动用句进行翻译时,往往会出现许多问题,例如:A: The rioters torched the local library.B:骚乱者纵火烧了的当地图书馆。(DECPC)在A例句中,torch的名词意义为“火把”,B例句却把torch翻译为“纵火烧”,省略掉了动词“烧”的工具——“火把”。经此处理的译文对比原句,不仅还原度高,且读者接受性强。那么,是否所有表示工具的名词动用在翻译时都可以把工具省略不译?这种翻译中的省略是否会造成语义的缺失?本文对工具类名词动用的翻译研究主要有三个目的。首先,分析工具类名词动用的特点及人们将工具类名词动用的原因。其次,探讨工具类名词动用产生的认知基础,通过对工具类名词动用翻译的分析,归纳工具类名词动用的翻译特点。最后,本研究以Jackendoff(1987)提出的概念语义(Conceptual Semantics)为理论视点,以工具类名词动用的翻译为研究对象,试图对工具类名词动用翻译的意义构建过程提供解释性框架。概念语义涉及语义的成分解构,认为句法结构是由语义结构和投射规则形成,它关注语义与语法之间的形式关系。语义结构由六种主要的概念结构组成,分别是Event,State,Object,Path,Place,Property,其中Event和State是最基本的。基本概念结构与语义投射规则相结合的过程就是概念实例形成的过程。相同的概念结构可以通过不同的句法结构来表达。研究表明:事件语义可以直观的描述工具类名词动用的概念结构,运用概念结构能够科学合理地呈现出工具类名词动用的翻译背后包含的深层语义关系,为其翻译提供合理解释,提高译文质量的科学性与准确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Denominal verbs refer to a phenomenon in which a noun can be used as a verb without any morphological change and perform the grammatical functions of verbs.Denominal verbs are widely used in English but relatively infrequent in Chinese.When doing translation,this linguistic difference is likely to cause difficulties in understanding and influences the quality of translation.As a linguistic phenomenon,the denominal verb has been widely studied at home and abroad under different theoretical frameworks,which involve lexical,pragmatic,cognitive,rhetorical,and other perspectives.How to express the meaning of a denominal verb complete is essential? When we translate some simple denominal verbs,many problems often occur,such as:Sentence A: The rioters torched the local library.Sentence B:骚乱者纵火烧了当地图书馆。(DECPC)In sentence A,the noun-meaning of“torch”means火把,but sentence B translates“torch”as纵火烧,which omits the instrument of“burn”—“torch.”Compared with the original sentence,the translated text after this processing not only has a high degree of reduction,but also has strong reader acceptance.So,can we omit the translation of the instrument among all instrument denominal verbs’translation?Does this omission in translation cause a loss of semantic meanings?There are three purposes of this study.Firstly,to analyze the characteristics of instrument denominal verbs and figure out the reasons why people use it.Secondly,to explore the cognitive basis of instrument denominal verbs and summarize the translation characteristics of it.Finally,this thesis takes the conceptual semantics(Jackendoff,1987)as a theoretical basis.It focuses on the translation of instrument denominal verbs,tries to provide an explanatory framework for the meaning construction of instrument denominal verbs.Conceptual semantics involves the decomposition of semantic components.It believed that the syntactic structure is formed by the semantic structure and some projection rules.It focuses on the formal relationship between semantics and grammar.Moreover,the semantic structure is composed of six main conceptual structures,namely: Event,State,Object,Path,Place,Property,among which Event and State are the most basic.The process of combining the underlying conceptual structures with the semantic projection rules is the process of concept formation.Different conceptual structures can express the same syntactic structure.The findings of the thesis reveal that event semantics can describe the conceptual structure of instrument denominal verbs intuitively and scientifically.It is reasonable to present the deep semantic relationship contained in instrument denominal verbs,which provides a reasonable explanation for its translation.Practically,it may improve the scientific and accuracy of instrument denominal verbs’ translation.更多还原