【作者】 朱艳；

【导师】 王世存；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 学科教学（化学）（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 从事高中化学教学工作以来,我发现了一个现象,就是初中化学成绩比较好的学生到了高中以后学习成绩不是特别的好,对化学学习的积极性大大降低。笔者认为最主要的原因就是在初中升入高中的过程中,老师没有做好化学知识衔接的工作,初中知识非常基础,更贴近生活,高中知识更具有学科性,难度较大。这就导致学生对于高中的知识会感到不知所措,也加大高中化学教师教授的难度。因此,在新课程教育背景下,笔者对上述存在的问题进行了阐述和研究。高中的大多数化学知识都是在初中化学的基础之上进行的,相对初中来说,难度进行了很大的提升。因此,在学生化学学习的过程当中,需要教师对初高中的教材进行比较,找出衔接的地方进行升华,进而提出更加有用有效的衔接教学策略,这就是本文要研究的内容。本文研究方法主要包括:文献分析、案例分析和调查问卷等方法。全文共分为六章:第一章是绪论。主要包括:选题背景、国内外研究进展、研究的目的和意义、研究的内容和方法。第二章是核心概念和理论基础。包括化学知识,衔接和教学策略的概念,本文以建构主义学习、最近发展区理论和知识迁移理论为基础进行研究。第三章是初高中化学知识的衔接性分析。将初高中的化学教材进行比较,选出其中比较核心的知识,其中包含氧化还原反应,金属及其化合物等五个部分。研究这五部分知识在教科书中的呈现方式和衔接方式,总结每一部分内容体现出来的衔接特点。第四章是初高中化学知识衔接的教学策略。从课程内容、教师教法和学生学法三个角度提出八种教学策略:一是充分挖掘初高中化学教材内容;二是注重新旧知识的联系;三是重视实验教学;四是技术手段辅助宏观与微观教学;五是联系身边的化学进行教学;六是问题情境教学,培养学生思维能力;七是学案导学,培养自主学习能力;八是建立思维导图,形成知识网络。第五章是初高中化学知识衔接的案例设计与实践。根据提出的教学策略进行教学实践,并且进行结果分析。第六章是研究结论与展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since I was engaged in high school chemistry teaching,I have found a phenomenon,that is,the students with good chemistry scores in junior high school are not particularly good after high school,and their enthusiasm for chemistry learning is greatly reduced.I think the main reason is that in the process of junior high school into senior high school,teachers did not do a good job in the connection of chemical knowledge,junior high school knowledge is very basic,more close to life,senior high school knowledge is more disciplinary,more difficult.This causes students to feel at a loss for the knowledge of high school,and also increases the difficulty of teaching chemistry teachers in high school.Therefore,in the context of new curriculum education,the author expounds and studies the above problems.Most of the chemistry knowledge in senior high school is based on junior high school chemistry.Compared with junior high school,the difficulty has been greatly improved.Therefore,in the process of students’ chemistry learning,teachers need to compare the teaching materials of junior and senior high schools,find out the place of convergence for sublimation,and then put forward more useful and effective convergence teaching strategies,which is the content of this paper.This paper mainly includes literature analysis,case analysis and questionnaire.The paper is divided into six chaptersThe first chapter is the introduction.It mainly includes:background of topic selection,research progress at home and abroad,research purpose and significance,research content and methods.The second chapter is the core concept and theoretical basis.It includes the concepts of chemistry knowledge,cohesion and teaching strategy.This paper is based on the theory of constructivism learning,recent development zone and knowledge transfer.The third chapter is the cohesion analysis of chemistry knowledge in junior and senior high school.The chemistry teaching materials of junior and senior high schools were compared,and the core knowledge was selected,including five parts:redox reaction,metal and its compounds.This paper studies the presentation and cohesion of these five parts of knowledge in textbooks,and summarizes the cohesion characteristics of each part of the content.The fourth chapter is the teaching strategy of the connection of chemistry knowledge in junior and senior high school.Eight teaching strategies are put forward from three aspects of curriculum content,teachers’ teaching method and students’learning method:one is to fully explore the content of chemistry teaching materials in junior and senior high schools;the other is to pay attention to the connection between new and old knowledge;the third is to attach importance to experimental teaching;the fourth is to assist macro and micro teaching with technical means;the fifth is to connect with nearby chemistry for teaching;the sixth is to teach in problem situation to cultivate students’ thinking ability;the seventh is to learn The eighth is to establish thinking map and form knowledge network.The fifth chapter is the case design and practice of the connection of chemistry knowledge between junior high school and senior high school.According to the proposed teaching strategy for teaching practice,and analysis of the results.The sixth chapter is the research conclusion and prospect.更多还原