【作者】 王明明；

【导师】 李宁川； 卢晓鹏；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 体育教学（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 研究目的:本文以无锡市张泾中学为例,探究无锡市初中生视力不良的现状及影响无锡市张泾中学学生视力不良发生的具体因素,为提升无锡市初中生用眼卫生健康水平及近视防控提供理论参考。对象和方法:以无锡市张泾中学全体学生(剔除智力障碍的学生后共计三个年级987人)为调查对象。对987名学生进行裸眼视力与屈光度检查,自制近视影响因素问卷表视力调查。通过T检验、卡方检验、logistic回归分析等方法分析影响无锡市张泾中学学生视力的主要因素问题。结果:1、无锡市张泾中学学生视力不良率为88.23%,其中近视率为83.89%,散光率为35.86%,远视率为1.93%;轻度近视为29.99%、中度近视为44.78%、重度近视为9.12%。视力不良的学生配镜率较低,近视、散光、远视分别为75.51%、20.83%、52.63%。2、女生近视率(89.1%)显著高于男生(79.2%);初二学生的近视率(86.6%)显著高于初一(76.2%);学生右眼平均视力(-2.87±2.16(D))显著低于左眼(-2.49±2.24(D));差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。初二(86.6%)与初三(89.6%)的近视率没有显著差异。3、经单因素分析发现:X9(教室内光线是否充足)、X12(每天阅读电子书籍的时间)、X15(眼保健操进行情况)、X16(是否定期做视力检查)与近视的发生没有显著的统计学意义(p<0.05)。通过二元logistic多因素回归分析,以最后一个选项为对照发现:男生(OR=0.335)、低年级(初一 OR=0.309,初二OR=0.555)、父母不近视(OR=0.282)、每天完成作业及看书时间少(少于一小时OR=0.431)、眼疲劳时及时休息与缓解(OR=0.522)、每周看电视、玩手机时间短(0-5小时OR=0.278)、没有不良用眼习惯(OR=0.721)是近视的保护因素;每天看书及作业时间长(2-3小时OR=1.158)、阅读时眼书距离小(20-30cm OR=1.044)、有一项不良用眼习惯(OR=1.821)为近视的危险因素。结论:张泾中学学生近视率较高,存在年级、性别差异。初二学生近视率增长较快,近视学生以中度近视为主。近视、散光学生配镜率较低,学生配镜意识较差并且缺少细致、精确的眼部检查。遗传因素、学习环境较差、有不良行为习惯和长时间使用电子产品是影响无锡市张泾中学学生视力的主要因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research objectives:This thesis tries to e xplore the current situatio n of poor eyesight of Middle School students in Wuxi and the specific factors causing such problems by Taking Wuxi Zhangjing Middle School as an example.It aims to improve the eye health of middle school students in Wuxi and provide theoretical reference for myopia prevention and control.Research object and methods:This study takes the whole students of Wuxi Zhangjing Middle School(with a total number of 987 students from three grades,not including students with intellectual impairments)as the respondent.A total of 987 students were tested for naked eye vision and diopter,and for the visual acuity survey of the self-made myopic influencing factors questionnaire.T test,chi-square test,logistic regression analysis and other methods were used to analyze affect students’ vision and the main factors affecting the vision of student in zhangjing middle school in wuxi city.Research findings:1.The prevalence of poor eyesight in Wuxi Zhangjing Middle School is 88.23%,among which students having myopia take up 83.89%,astigmatism 35.86%,hyperopia 1.93%;mild myopia 29.99%,moderate myopia 44.78%and severe myopia 9.12%.The ratio of studsent wearing glasses who have poor eyesight is low,and myopia,astigmatism and hyperopia being 75.51%,20.83%and 52.63%respectively.2.The prevalence of myopia among girls(89.1%)is significantly higher than that among boys(79.2%);The prevalence of myopia in Grade 8(86.6%)is significantly higher than that n Grade 7(76.2%);The mean eyesight of the right eye(-2.87±2.16(D))is worse than left eye(-2.49±2.24(D)).There are significantly statistical differences between them(p<0.05).There is no significant difference between the prevalence of myopia in Grade 8(86.6%)and Grade 9(89.6%).3.According to single factor analysis,it is found that there is no significant statistical significance among X9(sufficient light in classroom),X12(time spent on electronic books every day),X15(doing eye exercises or not),X16(having regular eyesight examination or not)and the occurrence of myopia(p<0.05).Through a binary logistic regression analysis,taking the final option for comparison,it is found that boys(OR=0.335),junior grade(Grade 7 OR=0.309,Grade 8 OR=0.555),parents having no myopia(OR=0.282),shorter time spent on homework and reading every day(less than an hour OR=0.431),taking timely rest when having eyestrain(OR=0.522),watching TV every week,using shorter-time mobile phone(0-5 hours OR=0.278),and having no bad habits with eyes(OR=0.721)are protective factors to prevent myopia;Longer reading and homework time every day(2-3 hours OR=1.158),short distance between eyes and books when reading(20-30cm OR=1.044),and having one or more bad habits with eyes(OR=1.821)are risk factors of having myopia.Conclusions:The prevalence of myopia among students in zhangjing middle school is high,with differences in grade and gender.The myopia rate of students in the second year of primary school increased rapidly.Students with myopia and astigmatism are less likely to get glasses.Students with poor consciousness and lack of detailed and accurate eye examination.The main factors affecting the students in zhangjing middle school in wuxi city are genetic factor,poor learning environment,bad behavior and long time of using electronic products.更多还原