【作者】 周艳；

【导师】 张运杰；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 由于热红外遥感技术应用越来越广,许多国家都发射了搭载热红外传感器的卫星,同时匹配卫星载荷的热红外通道的在轨场地辐射定标技术也需要提升。目前星载遥感器的场地辐射定标实验多是通过人工跑场的方式完成,人力物力成本较高,测量精度和测量频率较低。为了进一步提高场地定标实验的频次与精度,降低定标实验成本。研制具有野外长期自动化观测功能的多通道自校准热红外辐射计(Multi-channel Self-calibrated Thermal Infrared Radiometer,MSIR),通过在计算机智能控制系统的作用下,仪器自动完成目标信号的数据采集、存储与发送过程,有利于实现星载遥感器的场地自动化定标。本文根据计算机控制技术在自动化观测仪器研制中的应用,围绕MSIR的设计需求和工作原理,采用传统的嵌入式控制系统,开展了基于STM32单片机的MSIR电子学系统设计工作。该仪器工作波段范围为8～14 μm,通过单片机控制滤光轮精确转动实现多通道观测功能,可以匹配更多星载热红外遥感器的光谱通道,提高测量精度和仪器的适用性。通过单片机控制反射镜精确转动实现对目标辐亮度和大气下行辐亮度的多角度测量,可以去除大气下行辐射对目标测量精度的影响。仪器中两个内置黑体用于对探测器响应系数进行实时自校准,单片机采用闭环反馈的方式控制黑体的温度,实现了较好的控温稳定性,提高了黑体对探测器校准的精度。为了提高仪器的环境适应性,避免仪器内部测量系统受雨水污染,设计了基于LM555定时器的感雨器,在单片机和保护装置的控制下,实现仪器的智能化自保护功能。同时设计市电和太阳能电池两套供电系统为仪器供电,保证仪器具有稳定的电源供应。通过北斗短报文通信模块的设计,实现测量数据的远程无线传输功能,并增设存储模块,实现数据备份功能。通过电子学系统设计和控制软件的编写实现了仪器的自动化与智能化观测功能。MSIR电子学系统设计完成之后,通过实验测试验证了仪器多通道多角度的切换功能正常、内置黑体控温功能正常、自动化观测功能与环境适应性正常。并借助面源黑体在实验室光学平台上对仪器进行辐射定标与测试,得到了仪器各通道的固有参数和定标系数,综合考虑引起定标不确定度的各种因素,分析结果表明该仪器精度达到±0.2 K,满足电子学系统设计指标的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the more and more extensive application of thermal infrared remote sensing technology,many countries have launched satellites carrying thermal infrared sensors.Meanwhile,the in-orbit radiation calibration technology of thermal infrared channels matching satellite loads also needs to be improved.At present,the field radiometric calibration experiments of space-borne remote sensors are mostly completed by means of manual running field.In order to further improve the frequency and accuracy of site calibration experiment and reduce the cost of calibration experiment.Developed with functions of long-term automation field observation of multi-channel calibration from Thermal Infrared Radiometer(Multi-channel Self-calibrated Thermal Infrared Radiometer,MSIR),through under the action of computer intelligent control system,the instrument automatically target signal data acquisition,storage and transmission process,is helpful to realize field automation calibration of space-borne remote sensors.According to the application of computer control technology in the development of automatic observation instrument,the design of MSIR electronics system based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer is carried out in this paper,centering on the design requirements and working principles of MSIR and using the traditional embedded control system.The working band range of the instrument is 8～14 μm.The filter wheel is controlled by a single chip microcomputer to achieve the function of multi-channel observation,which can match more spectral channels of the space-borne infrared remote sensor and improve the measurement accuracy and the applicability of the instrument.By controlling the precise rotation of the reflector with a single chip microcomputer,the target radiance and the downward atmospheric radiation can be measured from multiple angles,which can remove the influence of downward atmospheric radiation on the measurement accuracy of the target.Two built-in black bodies in the instrument are used for real-time self-calibration of the detector response coefficient.The single-chip microcomputer controls the temperature of the black body by closed-loop feedback,which achieves better temperature control stability and improves the calibration precision of the black body to the detector.In order to improve the environmental adaptability of the instrument and avoid the pollution of the internal measuring system by rainwater,a rain-sensing device based on LM555 timer was designed to realize the intelligent self-protection function of the instrument under the control of single chip microcomputer and protection device.At the same time,the utility system and the solar cell system are designed to supply power to the instrument to ensure a stable power supply.Through the design of BD short message communication module,the function of remote wireless transmission of measurement data is realized,and a storage module is added to realize the function of data backup.The automatic and intelligent observation functions of the instrument are realized through the design of the electronic system and the writing of the control software.After the completion of MSIR electronic system design,it is verified through experimental tests that the switching function of multi-channel and multi-angle of the instrument is normal,the built-in black body temperature control function is normal,and the automatic observation function and environmental adaptability are normal.By means of radiation calibration and test of the instrument on the optical platform of the laboratory with the help of non-point source black body,the inherent parameters and calibration coefficients of each channel of the instrument were obtained.After comprehensive consideration of various factors causing the uncertainty of the system,the analysis results showed that the precision of the instrument was±0.2K,meeting the requirements of the design index of the electronic system.更多还原