【作者】 刘超；

【导师】 谢新连；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,国际贸易快速发展,航运业运输量越来越大,随着公众对于海洋环境的逐步重视及航运企业竞争的加剧,对船舶航行的安全性及经济性要求也越来越高。限航区是船舶航行过程中风险较高的一个区域,根据对船舶的航行影响,可以总结为以下两类:第一类是不可航行区域,船舶航行时需避开此类区域;第二类是航速限制区域,船舶可以在此类区域内航行,但应低于规定的航速,以保证船舶航行安全。本文在进行航路规划时,将海洋气象环境因素考虑在内,以船舶安全避开不可航行区域为前提,以航行时间最短为目标,构建了限航区航路规划模型。在考虑海洋气象环境时,流对船舶航速的影响通过矢量合成模型进行分析,风浪对船舶航速的影响通过拟合模型进行分析,再根据风浪流对船舶航速的影响模型将限航区内任意两点的航行距离转化为航行时间。解决不包含航速限制区域的限航区航路规划问题时,在建立环境模型的基础上,首先利用MAKLINK图构造从起点到终点的网络连通图,再通过风浪流模型计算连通图中各个航段的航行时间,利用Dijkstra算法求解初始优化航路,最后通过改进粒子群算法在初始优化航路拐点的附近搜索,最终形成最优航路。改进粒子群算法优化后的航路航行时间更短、平滑性更好。解决包含航速限制区域的限航区航路规划问题时,先不考虑航速限制区域,按照不考虑航速限制区域的限航区航路规划算法进行求解,如果规划出的航路不经过航速限制区域,则此航路为最优航路;否则,对通过航速限制区域的航段进行优化,规划出最优航路。最后通过算例验证了本文算法的有效性,结果表明,考虑海洋气象环境影响比不考虑海洋气象环境影响规划出的航路更符合实际,其航行时间更短,平滑性更好。包含或不包含航速限制区域的航路规划算法均可为船舶通过限航区提供一条安全经济的航路。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,international trade has developed rapidly,and the shipping industry’s transportation volume has become larger and larger.With the gradual attention of the public to the marine environment and the intensification of competition among shipping companies,the requirements for the safety and economics of sailing have become increasingly high.The restricted area is a high-risk area in the course of ship navigation.According to the impact on the navigation of the ship,there are mainly two kinds of areas in the restricted area.The first is the non-navigable area,and the ship cannot sail at the boundary or inside of such area.The second is the speed limit area.And the ship can sail in such area,however,it should be lower than the prescribed speed to ensure the safety of the ship.In the course of route planning,this paper takes the marine meteorological environment factors into consideration,and takes the ship’s safety to avoid the non-navigable area as the premise,and takes the shortest sailing time as the goal,and builds a route planning model in the restricted area.When considering the marine meteorological environment,the effect of current on ship’s speed is analyzed by a vector synthesis model,and the effect of wind and waves on ship’s speed is analyzed by a fitted model.Then,according to the model,any the sailing distance of two points can be converted into sailing time.When solving the problem of route planning in the restricted area that does not include the speed limit area,based on the establishment of the environmental model,firstly use the MAKLINK diagram to construct a network connectivity map from the start point to the end point.Then use the established model to calculate sailing time of the path in the connectivity map.Dijkstra algorithm is used to solve the initial optimized route.Finally,the improved particle swarm algorithm is used to search near the inflection point of the initial optimized route,and finally the optimal route is obtained.Improved particle swarm optimization optimizes shorter sailing time and better smoothness.When solving the problem of route planning in a restricted area that includes speed limit area,firstly,the speed limit area is not considered,and it is solved according to the route planning algorithm of the restricted area without considering the speed limit area.If the planned route does not pass the speed limit area,the route is the optimal route.Otherwise,optimize the segment through the speed limit area to get the best route.Finally,the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper is verified through an example.The results show that considering the impact of the marine meteorological environment than the planned route without considering the impact of the marine meteorological environment is more realistic,with shorter sailing time and better smoothness.The route planning algorithm with or without the speed limit area can improve safety and economy of the route for ships passing through the restricted area.更多还原