【作者】 杨波；

【导师】 钟铭；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 物流工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着造船技术的不断提升,越来越多的企业选择投资更大型的船舶,通过大型船舶带来的规模经济效益提升其在航运市场的竞争力。这样的趋势将给航运业带来怎样的影响,航运企业应如何应对船舶大型化的发展,已成为航运界研究和探讨的焦点。关于船舶大型化的经济性早在20世纪80年代就有学者对其进行了研究,就目前已有的研究来看,经济性的研究多集中在船舶成本计算的模型构建,而在建立成本函数模型的角度,研究较为缺少,且往期研究并没有对应用于工农业领域的生产函数进行改进;对节能性的研究,以往也主要是通过建模计算单位货物的燃油消耗量,以此证明船舶大型化的节能性,在节能性问题上缺少对生产函数的应用。通过建立成本模型计算成本的方法,无法表明其规模经济的发展趋势,而成本函数可以很好的弥补这个缺陷。本文从微观经济学的角度,利用成本函数作为理论支撑,以产出、燃料费用、材料费用、船舶平均吨位等作为指标,构建了干散货船超越对数成本函数模型,分析了船舶大型化进程中的经济性与节能效果。结果表明,随着船舶平均吨位的增加,总体存在规模经济,但规模经济效应在逐渐减小,且规模经济的大小受油价影响较大;此外随着船舶平均吨位的增加,燃油费用在总成本中的占比逐渐减少,因此船舶大型化也具有一定的节能效果。在理论方面将超越对数成本函数应用于航运的研究中,填补了相关研究的空白,并对干散货船超越对数成本函数模型进行了一定优化,方便了估计;在实践方面为航运企业制定合理的经营策略与发展战略提供思路,对企业应对复杂多变的航运市场、提升企业竞争力提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous improvement of shipbuilding technology,more and more enterprises choose to invest in larger ships,and enhance their competitiveness in the shipping market through the scale economic benefits brought by large ships.What kind of influence will this trend bring to the shipping industry and how the shipping enterprises should deal with the development of large-scale ships have become the focus of the shipping industry.As early as the 1980s,some scholars have studied the economy of large-scale ships.As far as the existing researches are concerned,most of them focus on the model construction of ship cost calculation.However,from the perspective of establishing cost function model,the researches are relatively lacking,and previous researches have not improved the production function used in the field of industry and agriculture;the research on energy conservation In the past,it was mainly through modeling to calculate the fuel consumption per unit cargo,so as to prove the energy conservation of large-scale ships,and lack of application of production function in energy conservation.By establishing cost model to calculate cost,it can not show the development trend of scale economy,and cost function can make up for this defect.In this paper,from the perspective of microeconomics,the cost function is used as the theoretical support,and the output,fuel cost,material cost and average tonnage of the ship are used as indicators to build a beyond logarithmic cost function model of dry bulk carrier,and analyze the economy and energy saving effect in the process of large-scale ship.The results show that with the increase of the average tonnage of ships,there is scale economy in general,but the effect of scale economy is gradually reduced,and the size of scale economy is greatly affected by the oil price;in addition,with the increase of the average tonnage of ships,the proportion of fuel cost in the total cost is gradually reduced,so the large-scale of ships also has certain energy-saving effect.In theory,the log cost function is applied to the research of shipping,which fills in the blank of relevant research,and optimizes the log cost function model of dry bulk carrier to some extent,which is convenient for estimation;in practice,it provides ideas for shipping enterprises to formulate reasonable business strategies and development strategies,and it can help them cope with the complex and changeable shipping market and improve their competitiveness A reference is provided.更多还原