【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 张皞；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 国际商务（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 “一带一路”倡议推进以来,由中远海运和招商局港口引领的许多中国企业纷纷竞相规划,建设投资海上丝绸之路沿线港口项目。中国企业对海外港口的投资项目日益增多,这些项目的达成不仅是一带一路沿线国家对中国企业港口码头运营能力的认可,同时也给沿线国家的经济发展带来了正向作用。港口是规模经济、资本密集型行业,需要大量资本建设基础设施,港口投资较其他行业回收期长、投资成本不可逆、风险大、影响因素多。港口竞争力的核心体现在于港口运营效率,评价港口运营效率,把握其运行情况,能提高资本投资效率。在上述背景下,本文依托国家高层设计的战略思想,重点关注港口这一重要节点,研究海上丝绸之路沿线中资参建港口的运行效率,为海上丝绸之路方向研究拓展了新的研究角度,即为相关投资企业从理论和指标数据层面了解海外参建港口运营中存在的问题以及如何改进。以海上丝绸之路沿线中资参建的9个已正式稳定运营港口(其中5个控股港口,4个参股港口)为研究样本,样本选取原则为:在2014-2018年评价期间内已正式稳定运营的海上丝绸之路沿线中资参建海外港口。首先,对港口运营情况进行定性分析,说明港口运营状况,同时浅析了参与海上丝绸之路沿线港口项目的风险。其次,通过构建港口运营效率评价模型即DEA-MI模型,从静态和动态两个维度对研究样本港口进行定量研究。研究结果显示,1)这些港口综合技术效率均值较低,规模效率均值均呈现较高状态;2)控股港口中比雷埃夫斯港、中远-新港码头、科伦坡国际集装箱码头综合技术效率逐年改善;但是规模收益出现连续五年下降。昆波特码头和洛美集装箱码头均没有实现运营效率有效状态,主要原因在于纯技术效率值偏低。参股港口在评价期内几乎均没有达到运营效率有效状态;3)这些港口整体的全要素生产率是上升的。沿线港口综合技术效率上升是全要素生产率上升的重要因素,但是规模效率偏低制约了全要素生产率的提高;4)海上丝绸之路沿线港口总体的规模效率呈下降状态。这说明海上丝绸之路沿线中资参建港口可以通过扩大生产要素的投入,来提高整体的全要素生产率指数。其中以昆波特码头、洛美集装箱码头、安特卫普码头和苏伊士运河码头尤为突出。针对以上研究结果,本文提出三方面合理化改进建议:1)适当扩大昆波特码头及洛美集装箱码头港口规模;2)控制比雷埃夫斯港、中远-新港码头、科伦坡国际集装箱码头港口规模;3)尽可能提高各港口的纯技术效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the "Belt and Road" initiative was launched,many Chinese enterprises led by COSCO Shipping and China Merchants Bureau ports have been racing to plan and invest in port projects along the Seas.The investment projects of Chinese companies in overseas ports are increasing and are constantly being updated.The completion of these projects is not only a recognition of the ports and terminals operation capabilities of Chinese enterprises by the countries along the Belt and Road,but also a positive effect on the economic development of the countries along the route.Port is a large-scale economy,capital-intensive industry,need to invest a lot of capital to build infrastructure,port investment than other industries long recovery period,investment costs irreversible,risk,many factors.The core of port competitiveness is reflected in the operational efficiency of port,evaluating the operational efficiency of port,grasping its operation,and improving the efficiency of capital investment.In the above background,this paper relies on the strategic idea of high-level design of the country,focuses on the important node of the port,studies the operational efficiency of the Chinese-funded port along the sea silk line,and expands the new research angle for the study of the direction of the maritime Silk Road,that is,for the relevant investment enterprises from the theoretical and index data level to understand the problems in the operation of overseas ports and how to improve.Based on the nine ports of official stabilization of the operation of The Sea Silk Line(including 5 holding ports and 4 participating ports),the sample selection principle is:during the evaluation period of 2014-2018,the Chinese-funded foreign ports are located along the Maritime Silk Road,which is officially and steadily operated by the Chinese state.First of all,the qualitative analysis of port operation situation,at the same time,the risk of participating in the port project along the sea wire is analyzed.Secondly,by constructing the port operational efficiency evaluation model,namely DEA-MI model,the research sample port is quantitatively studied from both static and dynamic dimensions.The research results show that:1)The average technical efficiency of these ports is low and the average efficiency of scale is high;2)The comprehensive technical efficiency of the controlling ports of Piraeus Port,COSCO-Newport Terminal and Colombo International Container Terminal improved year by year,but the scale of revenue declined for five consecutive years.Both The Kumport Terminal and the Lome Container Terminal did not achieve operational efficiency,mainly because of the low value of pure technical efficiency.The participating ports have hardly reached the effective state of operational efficiency during the evaluation period;3)The overall total factor productivity of these ports is rising.The increase of the comprehensive technology efficiency of the ports along the route is an important factor of the increase of total factor productivity,but the low scale efficiency restricts the increase of total factor productivity;4)The overall scale efficiency of the ports along the Seas has decreased.This shows that the Chinese-funded ports along the Seas can improve the overall total factor productivity index by expanding the input of factors of production.This is particularly notably the Queanbeyan Terminal,the Lome Container Terminal,the Antwerp Terminal and the Suez Canal Terminal.Based on the above research results,three reasonable improvements are proposed:1)To expand the scale of the Port of Kumport and Lome Container Terminals,2)To control the scale of the ports of Piraeus,COSCO-Newport,Colombo International Container Terminal,and 3)To improve the pure technical efficiency of each port as much as possible.更多还原